Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes family in wheat (Triticum aestivum): Genome-wide identification, characterization, phylogenetic relationship and expression patterns

Abstract

Background Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays important roles in plant survival under anaerobic conditions. Although some research has been carried out the functions of ADH in other plants, that of wheat TaADH family genes in response to abiotic stress are unclear. Results A total of 22 ADH genes were obtained from 14 chromosomes of the wheat genome by systematic screening. Multiple sequence alignment and evolutionary relationship show that these genes contain the characteristics of GroES-like domain and Zinc-binding domain, and these belong to Medium-chain -ADH type and can be divided into three subfamilies. There are 17 pairs of fragment replication genes among TaADH family members in the wheat genome, while there are 9 pairs of collinear gene pairs from ADH family members between wheat and rice genome. We speculate that these fragment repetition events may be the main reason for the amplification of TaADH family genes. Ka/Ks analysis indicated that there were 64 repetitive gene pairs, and the Ka/Ks value of these gene pairs was less than 1, which indicated that these sequences of TaADH gene were relatively conservative and did not change greatly in the process of evolution. Promoter element analysis showed that almost all of the upstream promoters of these genes contained the responsive anaerobic inducible element. Tissue localized expression and expression patterns also demonstrated that the TaADH genes responded to abiotic stress and may play an important role in waterlogging stress during the seed germination stage. Conclusions The results of this study may be helpful to further study the function of TaADH genes and determine the candidate gene for wheat stress resistance breeding.

Analysis of the mechanism of Ricinus communis L. tolerance to Cd metal based on proteomics and metabolomics

“…Among the up-regulated proteins, related proteins involved in lignin synthesis, antioxidant enzyme system, photorespiration pathway and ion homeostasis showed a certain amount of accumulation, which is consistent with the results of the other two treatment groups. However, under 1,000 mg/L Cd stress, UDP-glucose 4-epimerase that catalyzes galactose metabolism,CASP-like protein 1D1 [ 54 ], that is involved in programmed cell death, protein [ 55 ], that is induced by acute trauma, and alcohol dehydrogenase, that is induced [ 56 , 57 ] under hypoxic conditions, were all significantly up-regulated. Among these, UDP-glucose 4-epimerase catalyzes galactose metabolism to generate ATP, while the generated metabolite UDP-glucose could further participate in the metabolic pathways such as glucuronic acid and pentose phosphate and participate in plant stress.…”

Identification and Functional Analysis of ThADH1 and ThADH4 Genes Involved in Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress in Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’

“…ADH is one of the most important candidate genes for genetic manipulation to provide waterlogging tolerance to plants via increasing adaptability to hypoxic responses. Maize and Arabidopsis ADH -null mutants showed lower tolerance to anaerobic conditions [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. In rice, the inhibition of ADH resulted in a decrease in seed vigor under anoxic conditions, whereas overexpression of ADH promoted plant growth under waterlogging conditions [ 31 , 36 ].…”

Analysis of the mechanism of castor tolerance to Cd metal based on proteomics and metabolomics

“…Among the up-regulated proteins, related proteins involved in lignin synthesis, antioxidant enzyme system, photorespiration pathway and ion homeostasis showed a certain amount of accumulation, which is consistent with the results of the other two treatment groups. However, under 1,000 mg/L Cd stress, UDPglucose 4-epimerase that catalyzes galactose metabolism,CASP-like protein 1D1 [56], that is involved in programmed cell death, protein WIN1 [57]，that is induced by acute trauma, and alcohol dehydrogenase, that is induced [58,59] under hypoxic conditions, were all significantly up-regulated. Among these, UDP-glucose 4-epimerase catalyzes galactose metabolism to generate ATP, while the generated metabolite UDP-glucose could further participate in the metabolic pathways such as glucuronic acid and pentose phosphate and participate in plant stress.…”

“…that is involved in programmed cell death, protein WIN1 [57]，that is induced by acute trauma, and alcohol dehydrogenase, that is induced [58,59] under hypoxic conditions, were all significantly up-regulated. Among these, UDP-glucose 4-epimerase catalyzes galactose metabolism to generate ATP, while the generated metabolite UDP-glucose could further participate in the metabolic pathways such as glucuronic acid and pentose phosphate and participate in plant stress.…”