Nine light hilum soybean [Glycine mux (L.) Merr] cultivars were used to study characteristics that affect yield and quality of tofu (soybean curd) coagulated with glucono-delta-lactone (GDL). Pressed and packed (nonpressed) curds were examined. Yield of tofu was not affected by size of beans. Protein and total solids in soymilk increased when protein and moisture increased in soybeans. Yield of pressed GDL tofu increased with protein content of soybeans (or soymilk) plus decreased calcium content. Fracturability of pressed GDL tofu increased with levels of phosphorus. Hardness of packed tofu increased with protein content in soymilk. Yield of pressed GDL tofu was 20% higher than CaS04 tofu.
Calcium lactate facilitates the growth and phytic acid degradation of soybean sprouts, but the mechanism is unclear. In this study, calcium lactate (Ca) and calcium lactate with lanthanum chloride (Ca+La) were used to treat soybean sprouts to reveal the relevant mechanism. Results showed that the phytic acid content decreased and the availability of phosphorus increased under Ca treatment. This must be due to the enhancement of enzyme activity related to phytic acid degradation. In addition, the energy metabolism was accelerated by Ca treatment. The energy status and energy metabolism-associated enzyme activity also increased. However, the transmembrane transport of calcium was inhibited by La(3+) and concentrated in intercellular space or between the cell wall and cell membrane; thus, Ca+La treatment showed reverse results compared with those of Ca treatment. Interestingly, gene expression did not vary in accordance with their enzyme activity. These results demonstrated that calcium lactate increased the rate of phytic acid degradation by enhancing growth, phosphorus metabolism, and energy metabolism.
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