AlCl₃-graphite intercalation compounds as negative electrode materials for lithium-ion capacitors

Abstract

AlCl3-graphite intercalation compounds (AlCl3-GICs) with a wide interlayer spacing benefit faster Li+ diffusion. The low molecular weight and conversion reaction of the AlCl3 pillar further enhance the specific capacity per mass.

PEDOT Nanowires Connecting Exfoliated HNb3O8 Nanosheets as High-Rate Anode for Lithium-Ion Capacitor

“…At higher power of 2088 W kg −1 , the LIC remains energy density of 50 Wh kg −1 . It is noted that the energy stored in the LIC is higher or even comparable to previous LICs assembled with the Nb-based electrodes like M-Nb 2 O 5 @ C (71.5 Wh kg −1 ), 50 KNb 3 O 8 nanorods on carbon cloth (69 Wh kg −1 ), 24 Li 3 N (74.7 Wh kg −1 ), 51 SC-5-MTHF (69.4 Wh kg −1 ), 52 AlCl 3 -graphite intercalation compounds (71 Wh kg −1 ), 53 PGCs (83.7 Wh kg −1 ), 54 and Li x MnO 2 (88.56 Wh kg −1 ). 55 More importantly, the LIC is capable of retaining about 83% of its initial capacity and simultaneously keeping 98% Coulombic efficiency after consecutive charging and discharging at 1.0 A g −1 for 1000 cycles (Figure 7e).…”

Low-temperature carbonization of p-Phenylenediamine guided by an iron alginate template for lithium-ion capacitors

“…5d compares the specific energy and specific power of different LICs. 5,6,11,[37][38][39][40] Clearly, the LIC with the lithiated-Fe 3 C@N-doped C-700 electrode exhibits superior electrochemical properties.…”

“…2 Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are a new type of capacitor structure based on this purpose, 3,4 which retain the high power density of supercapacitors to a certain extent and significantly improve the energy density. Compared with Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , 5,6 Nb 2 O 5 , 7,8 Li 3 VO 4 9,10 and other metal oxide materials with the ability of rapid Li + intercalation, 11 carbon materials are still good candidates for LICs considering their significant advantages in terms of energy density, power density, long-term cycling stability, and preparation cost. These carbon materials include hard carbon, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, modified graphite, and intercalated graphite with short lithium-ion diffusion pathways in local layered carbon materials.…”

Incorporation of HNb3O8 Nanosheets into PEDOT Aerogel with Enhanced Performance for Lithium-Ion Capacitor

“…As the power density increases to 1732 W kg −1 , the cell can still preserve an energy density of 30 Wh kg −1 . It is noted that the energy stored in the PDT-Nb50//YP80F cell is higher than those of the recent LICs (Table S1), such as NRC//YP50F (23 Wh kg −1 at 3000 W kg −1 ), 53 Nb 2 O 5 /C//AC (57 Wh kg −1 at 75 W kg −1 ), 54 CNT/Nb 2 O 5 //AC (33.5 Wh kg −1 ), 55 and NbWO// OECG (41.9 Wh kg −1 ), 56 or comparable to those of LICs including Li 3 N//AC (74.7 Wh kg −1 ), 57 HG-TNO-3//CN (75.8 Wh kg −1 ), 58 AlCl 3 -GICs//AC (71 Wh kg −1 ), 59 and E-HNb 3 O 8 //YP50F (80 Wh kg −1 ), 26 Besides this, the PDT-Nb50//YP80F LIC also exhibits decent cycling stability. As demonstrated in Figure 6e, the cell capacitance gradually decreases in the initial 1000 cycles and keeps stable in the following 4000 cycles with 66% capacitance retention over the whole 5000 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A g −1 .…”