Albumin-coordinated assembly of clearable platinum nanodots for photo-induced cancer theranostics

Ultra‐small Albumin Templated Gd/Ru Composite Nanodots for In Vivo Dual modal MR/Thermal Imaging Guided Photothermal Therapy

“…As shown in Figure f, after adding RuCl 3 to the BSA solution, the new broad peak at about 500 nm may attribute to the binding of Ru 3+ to BSA amino and carboxyl residues. After the introduction of sodium hydroxide, the substance shows abroad absorption band spanning the ultraviolet, visible, and NIR regions, which was quite similar to the absorption curves of other metal PTAs . These may due to the excitation of plasma resonances or interband transitions of the formed Ru nanodots.…”

“…Photothermal agents (PTAs), which absorb NIR light and convert it into heat, played a decisive role in PTT. Numerous types of PTAs have been reported for the treatment of cancer, such as organic molecules (e.g., ICG and IR dyes), carbon‐based nanomaterials (e.g., carbon dots, graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes), semiconductor nanoparticles (e.g., CuS, MoS 2 , WS 2 , Bi 2 S 3 , and Bi 2 Se 3 ), and metal nanostructures (e.g., Au, Pt, Ag, and Bi). Among them, noble metal nanostructures have received a great deal of attention due to their good chemical stability, excellent biocompatibility, and easiness of surface modification.…”

Rationally Designed Monodisperse Gd2O3/Bi2S3 Hybrid Nanodots for Efficient Cancer Theranostics

“…[4b] Obviously, Gd/Bi‐NDs showed concentration‐dependent PA signals under 800 nm light excitation due to their thermoelastic expansion in aqueous solution (Figure G), indicating that Gd/Bi‐NDs might act as a PA contrast agent. Moreover, the ability of Gd/Bi‐NDs to generate CT signal was further investigated using CT mapping . Gd/Bi‐NDs exhibited the higher signal intensities as compared to a clinically used CT contrast agent Iopromide.…”

Plasmonic Pt Superstructures with Boosted Near‐Infrared Absorption and Photothermal Conversion Efficiency in the Second Biowindow for Cancer Therapy

“…Photothermal therapy (PTT) based on near‐infrared (NIR) light induced local hyperthermia for ablating tumors has aroused significant interest owing to its noninvasiveness, high temporal, and spatial controllability, and minimized adverse side effects. Research into developing nanomaterials as photothermal agents has bloomed in the past few years, such as noble metal nanostructures, main group metal, transition metal chalcogenides, carbon nanomaterials, organic/bioorganic materials, and so on. However, the most widely used excitation lights in PTT are mainly located in the first near‐infrared biowindow (NIR‐I, 700−1000 nm), which has a low maximum permissible exposure (MPE, 0.33 W cm −2 at 808 nm according to ANSI Z136.1‐2014, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers) for skin exposure, resulting in limited application in cancer clinical therapy.…”

“…Noble‐metal nanostructures have great potential as the photothermal agents owing to their tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) resulting from the resonant collective oscillation of conduction electrons, and self‐thermalization effect resulting from electron–phonon scattering . Although regulating the structure, such as shape and size is a well‐known strategy to tune the SPR wavelength across the visible and near‐infrared spectral range, biological applications of noble metal nanostructures are rarely extended to NIR‐II . Because the high order longitudinal SPR mode of Pt nanostructures locates in the near‐infrared zone, it is promising to extend their plasmon wavelengths beyond ≈1000 nm through finely adjusting their structures.…”