Aktivitas Penghambatan α-glukosidase dan Peredaman Radikal Bebas Ekstrak Kapang Endofit yang Diisolasi dari Rimpang Kunyit

Abstract

Abstract
 Diabetes mellitus is one of the metabolic disorders that causes an increase in blood sugar levels above normal the normal threshold. The case of diabetes is usually accompanied by an increase in free radicals in the patient’s body. In Indonesia, one of the plants traditionally used to treat high blood sugar levels and contains antioxidant compounds is turmeric. The use of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants as a source of active compounds is widely carried out. Therefore this research aims to determine the antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of the extract of turmeric endophytic fungi from Bogor in vitro. The antidiabetic test used the method of inhibiting of α-glucosidase enzymes, while the antioxidant test used the method of reducing free radicals 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The test results show that the five endophytic mold ethyl acetate extracts have the ability to inhibit the α-glukosidase enzyme and antioxidant activity. Ethyl acetate extract isolate Bo.Ci.Cl.R5 was the most active in α-the the inhibitory activity of a glucosidase enzyme activity and free radical reduction with IC50 values of 336.22 μg/mL and 91.70 μg/mL respectively. Therefore extract of endophytic fungi isolates Bo.Ci.Cl.R5 isolate has the potential to be developed as an alternative raw material for antidiabetic drugs.
 Abstrak
 Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu kerusakan metabolisme tubuh yang menyebabkan naiknya kadar gula dalam darah di atas ambang batas normal. Kasus diabetes biasanya diiringi oleh meningkatnya radikal bebas dalam tubuh penderita. Di Indonesia, salah satu tanaman yang secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengobati kadar gula darah yang tinggi dan mengandung senyawa antioksidan ialah tanaman kunyit. Pemanfaatan kapang endofit asal tanaman berkhasiat obat sebagai sumber senyawa aktif banyak dilakukan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antidiabetes dan antioksidan dari ekstrak kapang endofit rimpang kunyit asal Bogor secara in vitro. Uji antidiabetes menggunakan metode penghambatan aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase, sedangkan uji antioksidan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kelima ekstrak etil asetat kapang endofit memiliki kemampuan dalam menghambat enzim α-glukosidase dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Ekstrak etil asetat isolat Bo.Ci.Cl.R5 merupakan yang paling aktif pada uji aktivitas penghambatan aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase dan peredaman radikal bebas dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing uji sebesar 336,22 μg/mL dan 91,70 μg/mL. Oleh karena itu ekstrak isolat kapang endofit Bo.Ci.Cl.R5 berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai alternatif bahan baku obat antidiabetes.

Antioxidant Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Turmeric Flowers

“…The activity of some endophytic fungi from the other tissues of the turmeric plant has also been previously reported. Ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi of Bo.Ci.Cl.R5 isolated from turmeric rhizome tissue had an antioxidant activity with IC 50 values of 91.70 µg/ml (Septiana et al, 2019a). Likewise, ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi of Bo.Ci.Cl.A3 and Bo.Ci.Cl.D1 isolated from the root and leaf tissue of turmeric plant had an antioxidant activity with IC 50 values of 75.71 and 24.04 µg/ml respectively (Septiana & Simanjuntak, 2017;Septiana et al, 2019b).…”

“…Endophytic fungi are one of the endophytic microbes that live in the tissues of their host plants without causing symptoms of a disease, living in symbiotic mutualism with their hosts by producing secondary metabolites (Nicoletti & Fiorentino, 2015). Previous studies reported that endophytic fungi from rhizomes and leaves of turmeric have antioxidant activity (Septiana et al, 2019a;Septiana et al, 2019b). However, there are no studies that report the endophytic fungi from turmeric flowers to have antioxidant activity.…”

Bioactivity and Metabolites Compounds of Medicinal Plants Endophytic Fungi in Indonesia

“…Endophytic fungi isolated from various tissues of turmeric have also been shown to have antioxidant properties. Endophytic fungi extracts from turmeric rhizome, root, leaves, and also turmeric stem, exhibited antioxidant activity in ethyl acetate (Widowati et al 2016;Eris & Simanjuntak 2017;Septiana et al 2019;Septiana et al 2020). Chrisonilia sitophila, Acremonium sp., and Penicillium sp.…”