AKIP1 expression in tumor tissue as a new biomarker for disease monitoring and prognosis in non‐small cell lung cancer: Results of a retrospective study

Abstract

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. AbstractBackground: A-kinase-interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) has been reported as an oncogenetic factor in multiple cancers; however, no study has reported its role in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) yet. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of AKIP1, and its correlation with tumor characteristics as well as prognosis in patients with NSCLC.Methods: Four hundred and ninety patients with NSCLC who underwent resection were reviewed, and baseline clinical data were collected. AKIP1 expression in tumor tissue/paired adjacent tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Results:A-kinase-interacting protein 1 expression was elevated in tumor tissue compared with paired adjacent tissue (P < .001), and high AKIP1 tumor tissue expression was correlated with poor pathological differentiation (P < .001), tumor size >5 cm (P = .001), lymph node metastasis (P = .016), higher TNM stages (P < .001), and abnormal CEA level (>5 ng/mL) (P = .035). DFS was worse in patients with tumor tissue AKIP1 high expression compared with patients who had AKIP1 low expression in total patients (P < .001), TNM stage I (P < .001) and TNM stage III (P < .001) patients. And the OS was also decreased in patients with AKIP1 high expression in total patients (P < .001), TNM stage I patients (P = .001) and TNM stage III patients (P = .004). Moreover, multivariate Cox's proportional hazards regression model analysis revealed that AKIP1 high expression was an independent predictive factor for worse DFS (P < .001) and OS (P < .001).

A‐kinase interacting protein 1 as a potential biomarker of advanced tumor features and increased recurrence risk in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients

“…According to a previous study, 9 the adjusted hazard ratio (related to DFS) for AKIP1 high vs low was 1.7. Based on which, a two‐sided log‐rank test with an overall sample size of 204 subjects achieved 90.1% power at a 0.050 significance level to detect a hazard ratio of 1.70.…”

“…Recent studies have confirmed AKIP1 as a potential prognostic marker in several solid cancers 9,17,19 . For instance, CRC patients with positive tumor AKIP1 expression obviously have poorer OS rates when compare with those with negative tumor AKIP1 expression 19 .…”

“…For instance, AKIP1 is highly expressed in CRC tissue compared with that of noncancerous colorectal mucosa, and its tumor high expression (tumor tissue) is associated with tumor diameter, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis in CRC patients 5 . In addition, AKIP1 expression is elevated in tumor tissue compared with paired adjacent tissue, and tumor AKIP1 expression is positively correlated with pathological differentiation, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stages, and abnormal CEA level in NSCLC patients 9 . Furthermore, tumor AKIP1 high expression has been illustrated to be correlated with higher performance status score, larger tumor size, barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage B (vs stage A), increased alpha‐fetoprotein level and higher carbohydrate antigen 199 level in hepatocellular carcinoma patients 17 .…”

“…The Goat Anti‐Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (1:10 000 dilution; Abcam) was served as secondary antibody. The IHC procedures were performed as described in the previous study 9 . The IHC staining result was evaluated by a clinical pathologist without awareness of clinical data of patients using a semi‐quantitative scoring method based on staining intensity and density (percentage of positively stained tumor cells).…”

“…Recently, AKIP1 has been identified as an oncogene to promote tumorigenesis and invasiveness in several carcinomas, for instance, breast cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) 6‐8 . Clinically, AKIP1 is related to advanced disease conditions and prognosis in patients with many carcinomas, such as non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and breast cancer 6,9 . Hence, it seems reasonable to believe that AKIP1 acts as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis for several cancers, whereas a consensus knowledge of its clinical significance in PTC patients has not yet been reached.…”