Airway dysfunction in swimmers: Table 1

Bougault, Valérie; Boulet, Louis‐Philippe

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090821

Cited by 61 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Accordingly, as many as 74% of elite swimmers report nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching throughout a training season, consistent with reports of as many as 76% of swimmers having symptomatic or asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, or both (Bougault & Boulet, 2012). The causes of these high rates of respiratory issues in elite swimmers are not entirely clear but may relate to low breathing frequency or high and forceful breathing or tidal volumes that favor increased respiratory penetration of volatile chlorinated products right at the pool surface (Bougault & Boulet, 2012). Athletes with asthma may benefit from antioxidant therapy that has yielded beneficial clinical outcomes in nonathletic patients (Wood et al, 2012).…”

Section: Air and Water Pollutionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The primary preventive strategy is avoidance by having athletes train indoors away from outdoor venues at higher risk of air pollution. In aquatic sports, some athletes experience intermittent respiratory issues related to chlorination of pool water and poor air quality (Bougault & Boulet, 2012, 2013. Accordingly, as many as 74% of elite swimmers report nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching throughout a training season, consistent with reports of as many as 76% of swimmers having symptomatic or asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, or both (Bougault & Boulet, 2012).…”

Section: Air and Water Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In aquatic sports, some athletes experience intermittent respiratory issues related to chlorination of pool water and poor air quality (Bougault & Boulet, 2012, 2013. Accordingly, as many as 74% of elite swimmers report nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching throughout a training season, consistent with reports of as many as 76% of swimmers having symptomatic or asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, or both (Bougault & Boulet, 2012). The causes of these high rates of respiratory issues in elite swimmers are not entirely clear but may relate to low breathing frequency or high and forceful breathing or tidal volumes that favor increased respiratory penetration of volatile chlorinated products right at the pool surface (Bougault & Boulet, 2012).…”

Section: Air and Water Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nutrition Considerations in Special Environments for Aquatic Sports

Stellingwerff

Pyne²,

Burke³

2014

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Elite athletes who compete in aquatic sports face the constant challenge of arduous training and competition schedules in difficult and changing environmental conditions. The huge range of water temperatures to which swimmers and other aquatic athletes are often exposed (16-31 °C for open-water swimming), coupled with altered aquatic thermoregulatory responses as compared with terrestrial athletes, can challenge the health, safety, and performance of these athletes. Other environmental concerns include air and water pollution, altitude, and jetlag and travel fatigue. However, these challenging environments provide the potential for several nutritional interventions that can mitigate the negative effects and enhance adaptation and performance. These interventions include providing adequate hydration and carbohydrate and iron intake while at altitude; optimizing body composition and fluid and carbohydrate intake when training or competing in varying water temperatures; and maximizing fluid and food hygiene when traveling. There is also emerging information on nutritional interventions to manage jetlag and travel fatigue, such as the timing of food intake and the strategic use of caffeine or melatonin. Aquatic athletes often undertake their major global competitions where accommodations feature cafeteria-style buffet eating. These environments can often lead to inappropriate choices in the type and quantity of food intake, which is of particular concern to divers and synchronized swimmers who compete in physique-specific sports, as well as swimmers who have a vastly reduced energy expenditure during their taper. Taken together, planned nutrition and hydration interventions can have a favorable impact on aquatic athletes facing varying environmental challenges.

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Section: Air and Water Pollutionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Air and Water Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Air and Water Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nutrition Considerations in Special Environments for Aquatic Sports

Stellingwerff

Pyne²,

Burke³

2014

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…Other environmental triggers include chlorine in swimming pools [13,14] chemicals from resurfacing ice hockey rinks [15], and in urban areas from automobile exhaust [16]. EIB may be underestimated as athletes have been shown to be poor perceivers of bronchospasm [17,18] and lack awareness of symptoms [19,20].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyspneic athlete

Krey

Best

2014

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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Breathing concerns in athletes are common and can be due to a wide variety of pathology. The most common etiologies are exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and paradoxic vocal fold movement disorder (PVFMD). Although some patients may have both, PVFMD is often misdiagnosed as EIB, which can lead to unnecessary treatment. The history and physical exam are important to rule out life threatening pulmonary and cardiac causes as well as common conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, sinusitis, and allergic etiologies. The history and physical exam have been shown to be not as vital in diagnosing EIB and PVFMD. Improvement in diagnostic testing with office base spirometry, bronchoprovocation testing, eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) and video laryngoscopy are essential in properly diagnosing these conditions. Accurate diagnosis leads to proper management, which is essential to avoid unnecessary testing and save healthcare costs. Also important to the physician treating dyspnea in athletes is knowing regulations on medications, drug testing, and proper documentation needed for certain organizations. The differential diagnosis of dyspnea is broad and is not limited to EIB and PVFMD. Ruling out life threatening cardiac and pulmonary causes with a proper history, physical, and appropriate testing is essential. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent literature on the diagnosis and management of EIB and PVFMD as well as discuss other potential causes for dyspnea in the athlete.

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“…Swimmers are exposed to (chlorine) chloramine and NCl3 gases used to disinfect pools. [8] As a result, swimmers experience asthma, allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis, and lower airway hyperreactivity more frequently. [8] Respiratory system diseases caused by harmful particles in the air have been discussed in many studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal response after exercise in swimmers, runners and handball players

Hancı¹,

Altun²,

Şahin³

et al. 2016

ENT Updates

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Exercise today is becoming more and more popular not only for in pursuit of a healthy life but for recreational purposes. Related to sympathetic activity that notably increases during exercise, nasal resistance decreases and the rate and depth of breathing increase. [1,2] To meet the air requirement that increases during exercise, mouth breathing starts and harmful particles in the air go deep inside the lungs easily without getting caught in the filtration of the nose. Yöntem: Bu çal›flmaya genç amatör üniversite tak›mlar› (erkek 20-24 yafllar›nda) kat›ld›. Nazal fonksiyonlar bir aktif anterior rinomanometreyle ölçüldü ve egzersizden önce ve hemen sonra sakkarin transport yöntemi (nazal transport zaman›, NTZ) uyguland›. ‹lk ölçümlerden sonra birinci grup yüzme havuzunda 30 dakika yüzdü, ikinci grup (aç›k hava koflucular›) yaklafl›k 30 dakikada 10 km kofltu, üçüncü grup 30 dakika hentbol oynad›. ‹lk bulgular› istatistiksel olarak egzersiz sonras› elde edilen verilerle karfl›laflt›r›ld›.Bulgular: Egzersiz öncesi ve sonras› nazal dirençteki azalmalar karfl›laflt›r›ld›¤›nda, tüm gruplar›n inspirasyon ve ekspirasyon de¤erleri istatistiksel aç›dan anlaml› idi. Bu üç grup nazal direnç de¤iflikli¤i yüzdeleri aç›s›ndan benzerdi. Egzersiz öncesi ve sonras› NTZ'ler karfl›laflt›r›ld›¤›nda, bu üç grubun tümünde egzersizden sonra NTZ'de azalmalar istatistiksel aç›dan anlaml› idi. Nazal transport zaman›ndaki yüzde azalmalar karfl›laflt›r›ld›¤›nda kofluculara göre hentbol oyuncular›n›n NTZ'sindeki azalma da istatistiksel aç›dan anlaml› idi.Sonuç: Nazal direnç ve NTZ'deki azalmalar ortamdaki havan›n kalitesi ve yap›lan sporun cinsinden etkilenmemifltir.Anahtar sözcükler: Nazal direnç, aktif anterior rinomanometre, nazal transport zamanlar›, koflma, yüzme, hentbol. AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different physical activities on nasal response. Methods:Young non-professional university teams (male, 20 to 24 years old) were enrolled in this study. Nasal functions were measured with an active anterior rhinomanometry and the saccharine transport method (nasal transport times, NTT) before and immediately after the exercise. After the initial measurements, the first group swam 30 minutes in the swimming pool. The second group (outdoor runners) ran 10 kilometers in approximately 30 minutes. The third group played handball for 30 minutes. The initial findings were compared statistically with the data obtained after exercise.Results: When the reductions in nasal resistance were compared before and after exercise, the inspiration and expiration values of all groups were statistically significant. These three groups were similar regarding the comparison of nasal resistance change percentages. When the NTTs were compared before and after exercise, the decreases in the amount of time were statistically significant in all these three groups after exercise. When the change percentages of the decrease in nasal transport time were compared, the decrease in handball players was statistically significan...

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Airway dysfunction in swimmers: Table 1

Cited by 61 publications

References 44 publications

Nutrition Considerations in Special Environments for Aquatic Sports

Nutrition Considerations in Special Environments for Aquatic Sports

Dyspneic athlete

Nasal response after exercise in swimmers, runners and handball players

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