Airplane emissions: A source of mutagenic nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

McCartney, Michael A.; Chatterjee, Barbara F.; McCoy, Elena C.; Mortimer, Edward A.; Rosenkranz, Herbert S.

doi:10.1016/0165-1218(86)90041-8

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…NPAHs are products of incomplete combustion processes in gasoline and diesel engines or products released from aluminum production, crude oil refineries, and natural combustion processes [6][7][8][9]. NPAHs can be either directly emitted from combustion sources [10] or formed from their parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by atmospheric OH or NO 3 radical-initiated reactions [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarographic and voltammetric determination of genotoxic 4-nitroindane at mercury electrodes

2015

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Determination and electrochemical investigation of genotoxic nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 4-nitroindane (4-NI) were carried out using direct current tast polarography (DCTP) and differential pulse polarography (DPP) at a classical dropping mercury electrode (DME) and using direct current voltammetry (DCV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) at a hanging mercury drop minielectrode (HMDmE). The following optimal media for the determination of 4-NI were found: methanol-BrittonRobinson (BR) buffer of pH 12.0 (1:1) for DCTP and DPP, methanol-BR buffer of pH 9.0 (1:9) for DCV, and methanol-BR buffer of pH 8.0 (1:9) for DPV. For CV investigation, mixtures of methanol-BR buffer of pH 3.0, 8.0, and 12.0 (1:1) were used. The limits of quantification were: 0.65 lmol dm -3 (DCTP at the DME), 0.10 lmol dm -3 (DPP at the DME), 0.075 lmol dm -3 (DCV at the HMDmE), and 0.070 lmol dm -3 (DPV at the HMDmE). An attempt to increase the determination sensitivity using adsorptive accumulation of 4-NI on the HMDmE surface was not successful. The newly developed polarographic and voltammetric methods were successfully applied for the determination of 4-NI in model samples of drinking and river water. Graphical abstract -300 -400 -500 -600 -700 -800 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 NO 2 I / nA E / mV 0 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 8 1 . 2 0 -4 -8 -12 c / µmol dm -3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarographic and voltammetric determination of genotoxic 4-nitroindane at mercury electrodes

2015

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“…3. Because of the specific conditions required for the formation of 1-NP and other nitro-PAHs, there are only a limited number of nondiesel combustion pro- cesses that have been identified as sources of 1-NP or nitro-PAH emissions, usually at a much lower rate than DE [McCarthy et al, 1986;Kinouchi et al, 1988;Gibson, 1982;Tokiwa et al, 19851. Emission sources of pyrolysis products encountered in workplaces, such as coke oven emissions or bitumen fumes, do not cause significant emissions of nitro-PAH [Williams et al, 19861.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1‐nitropyrene as a marker for the mutagenicity of diesel exhaust‐derived particulate matter in workplace atmospheres

Scheepers

Martens

Velders

et al. 1995

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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The use of 1‐nitropyrene (1‐NP) as a marker for the occupational exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) mutagens was investigated in workplace atmospheres contaminated with DE from a variety of emission sources, such as power supplies, forklifts, trucks, caterpillar vehicles, trains, ships' engines, and vehicles in city traffic. Total suspended particulate matter was collected by area sampling. The 1‐NP content of acetone extracts of these samples as determined by gas chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry varied from 0.080 to 17 μg/g acetone extractable matter, corresponding to air concentrations of 0.012 to 1.2 ng/m3. A sample collected in a rural area contained 0.0017 ng/m3 1‐NP. The mutagenicity of the extracts was tested in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA1538, using the microsuspension assay with and without metabolic activation by an exogeneous metabolizing system (rat liver S9‐fraction). In addition, the S. typhimurium strains YG1021 and YG1024 were used because of their high sensitivity towards the mutagenicity of nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. When plotting the mutagenic potency of the air sample extracts as determined in the absence of liver S9 versus the particle‐associated 1‐NP level, a relatively high correlation (r = 0.80–0.91) was observed in all of the S. typhimurium strains. High correlations (r = 0.80–0.93) were also observed when plotting the results of mutagenicity testing after activation by S9 versus the outcome of chemical analysis. These results show that the 1‐NP content of workplace air samples is associated with their mutagenic potency, suggesting that 1‐NP may be used as a marker for occupational exposure to DE‐de‐rived particle‐associated mutagens © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…Airline pilots and flight engineers (summarized under the term ''pilots'' in this publication) are occupationally exposed to ionising radiation of cosmic origin, as well as non-ionising radiation from cockpit instruments [1] and other occupational risk factors, including circadian rhythm disruption [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmic radiation and mortality from cancer among male German airline pilots: extended cohort follow-up

et al. 2012

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Commercial airline pilots are exposed to cosmic radiation and other specific occupational factors, potentially leading to increased cancer mortality. This was analysed in a cohort of 6,000 German cockpit crew members. A mortality follow-up for the years 1960-2004 was performed and occupational and dosimetry data were collected for this period. 405 deaths, including 127 cancer deaths, occurred in the cohort. The mortality from all causes and all cancers was significantly lower than in the German population. Total mortality decreased with increasing radiation doses (rate ratio (RR) per 10 mSv: 0.85, 95 % CI: 0.79, 0.93), contrasting with a non-significant increase of cancer mortality (RR per 10 mSv: 1.05, 95 % CI: 0.91, 1.20), which was restricted to the group of cancers not categorized as radiogenic in categorical analyses. While the total and cancer mortality of cockpit crew is low, a positive trend of all cancer with radiation dose is observed. Incomplete adjustment for age, other exposures correlated with duration of employment and a healthy worker survivor effect may contribute to this finding. More information is expected from a pooled analysis of updated international aircrew studies.

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Airplane emissions: A source of mutagenic nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

Polarographic and voltammetric determination of genotoxic 4-nitroindane at mercury electrodes

Polarographic and voltammetric determination of genotoxic 4-nitroindane at mercury electrodes

1‐nitropyrene as a marker for the mutagenicity of diesel exhaust‐derived particulate matter in workplace atmospheres

Cosmic radiation and mortality from cancer among male German airline pilots: extended cohort follow-up

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