Aircraft type influence on contrail properties

Jeßberger, Philipp; Voigt, Christiane; Schumann, U.; Sölch, Ingo; Schläger, Hans; Kaufmann, Stefan H. E.; Petzold, A.; Schäuble, Dominik; Gayet, Jean-François

doi:10.5194/acp-13-11965-2013

Cited by 72 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…The contrail model bridges the gap between the different scales of the aircraft wake and the global atmosphere. Various of the model results compare reasonably well with observations (Voigt et al, 2010;Jeßberger et al, 2013;Schumann and Graf, 2013;Schumann et al, 2013a, b). In the past, the model has been run in an offline mode for given meteorological fields, without exchange of humidity between contrails and background air.…”

Section: U Schumann Et Al: Dehydration Effects From Contrails In a supporting

confidence: 58%

“…τ is large for young contrails because of many ice particles grown by the uptake of ambient humidity in narrow plumes with large depths. This can be seen from observations and models Jeßberger et al, 2013). Later, τ may grow in rising air masses with increasing humidity but generally decreases and approaches 0 while the contrails spread laterally and finally sublimate.…”

Section: Contrail Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The initial contrail properties (depth, width, number of ice particles, initial ice water content) are computed for given aircraft types. (The importance of aircraft size, speed, fuel consumption, and emissions for contrail properties was the subject of several recent studies (Lewellen and Lewellen, 2001;Naiman et al, 2011;Voigt et al, 2011;Jeßberger et al, 2013;Schumann et al, 2013b;Unterstrasser and Görsch, 2014).) The contrail advection and the shear-and turbulence-driven spreading and mixing of plume air with ambient air are simulated with a Gaussian plume model.…”

Section: The Contrail Simulation Model Cocipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dehydration effects from contrails in a coupled contrail–climate model

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The uptake of water by contrails in icesupersaturated air and the release of water after ice particle advection and sedimentation dehydrates the atmosphere at flight levels and redistributes humidity mainly to lower levels. The dehydration is investigated by coupling a plumescale contrail model with a global aerosol-climate model. The contrail model simulates all the individual contrails forming from global air traffic for meteorological conditions as defined by the climate model. The computed contrail cirrus properties compare reasonably with theoretical concepts and observations. The mass of water in aged contrails may exceed 10 6 times the mass of water emitted from aircraft. Many of the ice particles sediment and release water in the troposphere, on average 700 m below the mean flight levels. Simulations with and without coupling are compared. The drying at contrail levels causes thinner and longer-lived contrails with about 15 % reduced contrail radiative forcing (RF). The reduced RF from contrails is on the order of 0.06 W m −2 , slightly larger than estimated earlier because of higher soot emissions. For normal traffic, the RF from dehydration is small compared to interannual variability. A case with emissions increased by 100 times is used to overcome statistical uncertainty. The contrails impact the entire hydrological cycle in the atmosphere by reducing the total water column and the cover by high-and low-level clouds. For normal traffic, the dehydration changes contrail RF by positive shortwave and negative longwave contributions on the order of 0.04 W m −2 , with a small negative net RF. The total net RF from contrails and dehydration remains within the range of previous estimates.

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Section: U Schumann Et Al: Dehydration Effects From Contrails In a supporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Contrail Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: The Contrail Simulation Model Cocipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dehydration effects from contrails in a coupled contrail–climate model

et al. 2015

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“…In future, open questions regarding contrail microphysics Jeßberger et al, 2013;Schumann et al, 2013) and the persistence of contrails (Gayet et al, 2012;Kübbeler et al, 2011) will be addressed using ML-CIRRUS data from AIMS-H 2 O. In addition, we will perform a thorough intercomparison of the set of water vapor instruments operated on HALO to assess the quality of water vapor in situ measurements in the lower stratosphere in mid-latitudes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The airborne mass spectrometer AIMS – Part 1: AIMS-H<sub>2</sub>O for UTLS water vapor measurements

et al. 2016

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Abstract. In the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), the accurate quantification of low water vapor concentrations has presented a significant measurement challenge. The instrumental uncertainties are passed on to estimates of H 2 O transport, cloud formation and the role of H 2 O in the UTLS energy budget and resulting effects on surface temperatures. To address the uncertainty in UTLS H 2 O determination, the airborne mass spectrometer AIMS-H 2 O, with in-flight calibration, has been developed for fast and accurate airborne water vapor measurements.We present a new setup to measure water vapor by direct ionization of ambient air. Air is sampled via a backward facing inlet that includes a bypass flow to assure short residence times (< 0.2 s) in the inlet line, which allows the instrument to achieve a time resolution of ∼ 4 Hz, limited by the sampling frequency of the mass spectrometer. From the main inlet flow, a smaller flow is extracted into the novel pressurecontrolled gas discharge ion source of the mass spectrometer. The air is directed through the gas discharge region where ion-molecule reactions lead to the production of hydronium ion clusters, H 3 O + (H 2 O) n (n = 0, 1, 2), in a complex reaction scheme similar to the reactions in the D-region of the ionosphere. These ions are counted to quantify the ambient water vapor mixing ratio. The instrument is calibrated during flight using a new calibration source based on the catalytic reaction of H 2 and O 2 on a Pt surface to generate a calibration standard with well-defined and stable H 2 O mixing ratios. In order to increase data quality over a range of mixing ratios, two data evaluation methods are presented for lower and higher H 2 O mixing ratios respectively, using either only the H 3 O + (H 2 O) ions or the ratio of all water vapor dependent ions to the total ion current. Altogether, a range of water vapor mixing ratios from 1 to 500 parts per million by volume (ppmv) can be covered with an accuracy between 7 and 15 %. AIMS-H 2 O was deployed on two DLR research aircraft, the Falcon during CONCERT (CONtrail and Cirrus ExpeRimenT) in 2011, and HALO during ML-CIRRUS (Mid-Latitude CIRRUS) in 2014. The comparison of AIMS-H 2 O with the SHARC tunable diode laser hygrometer during ML-CIRRUS shows a correlation near to 1 in the range between 10 and 500 ppmv for the entire campaign.

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“…The turbulent velocity accounts for the sub-grid scale turbulent dispersion via the TKE equation. The EULAG model has been extensively used for aviationrelated numerical modelling in the past (Unterstrasser et al, 2008;Unterstrasser and Gierens, 2010b;Jeßberger et al, 2013).…”

Section: Eulag-lcmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimension of aircraft exhaust plumes at cruise conditions: effect of wake vortices

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The dispersion of aircraft emissions during the vortex phase is studied using a 3-D LES model with Lagrangian particle tracking. The simulations start with a fully rolled-up vortex pair of a type B747/A340 airplane and the tracer centred around the vortex cores. The tracer dilution and plume extent is studied for a variety of ambient and aircraft parameters until aircraft-induced effects have ceased. For typical upper tropospheric conditions, the impact of stratification is more dominant compared to turbulence intensity or vertical wind shear. Moreover, the sensitivity to the initial tracer distribution was found to be weak. Along the transverse direction, the tracer concentrations can be well approximated by a Gaussian distribution, along the vertical a superposition of three Gaussian distributions is adequate. For the studied parameter range, the vertical plume expansion ranges from 400 m to 550 m and cross-sectional area from 4.0 × 10 4 m 2 to 6 × 10 4 m 2 after six minutes. For validation, selected simulations were compared to an alternative LES model and to in-situ NO-measurements.

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Aircraft type influence on contrail properties

Cited by 72 publications

References 67 publications

Dehydration effects from contrails in a coupled contrail–climate model

Dehydration effects from contrails in a coupled contrail–climate model

The airborne mass spectrometer AIMS – Part 1: AIMS-H<sub>2</sub>O for UTLS water vapor measurements

Dimension of aircraft exhaust plumes at cruise conditions: effect of wake vortices

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Aircraft type influence on contrail properties

Cited by 72 publications

References 67 publications

Dehydration effects from contrails in a coupled contrail–climate model

Dehydration effects from contrails in a coupled contrail–climate model

The airborne mass spectrometer AIMS – Part 1: AIMS-H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O for UTLS water vapor measurements

Dimension of aircraft exhaust plumes at cruise conditions: effect of wake vortices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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The airborne mass spectrometer AIMS – Part 1: AIMS-H<sub>2</sub>O for UTLS water vapor measurements