Airborne studies of aerosol emissions from savanna fires in southern Africa: 2. Aerosol chemical composition

Andreae, M. O.; Andreae, T. W.; Annegarn, H. J.; Beer, Jürg; Cachier, H.; Canut, P. le; Elbert, Wolfgang; Maenhaut, Willy; Salma, Imre; Wienhold, F. G.; Zenker, T.

doi:10.1029/98jd02280

Cited by 216 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…6) suggests that in our samples the resuspension of soil dust was much less important to 210 Pb emissions than biomass burning. Biomass burning aerosols also contain sulfate, organic and elemental carbon, and other organic species (e.g., Gaudichet et al, 1995;Andreae et al, 1998). This is in agreement with our samples.…”

Section: Saharan Dust and Biomass Burningsupporting

confidence: 82%

Chemical composition of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Aerosol chemical composition was measured over the Atlantic Ocean in November-December 1999 and at the Finnish Antarctic research station Aboa in January 2000. The concentrations of all anthropogenic aerosol compounds decreased clearly from north to south. An anthropogenic influence was still evident in the middle of the tropical South Atlantic, background values were reached south of Cape Town. Chemical mass apportionment was calculated for high volume filter samples (D p <3µm). North of the equator 70-80% of the aerosol consisted of non-sea-salt species. The contribution of sea salt was ∼25% in the polluted latitudes, >80% in the Southern Ocean, and <10% at Aboa. The contribution of organic carbon was >10% in most samples, also at Aboa. The correlation of biomass-burning-related aerosol components with 210 Pb was very high compared with that between nss calcium and 210 Pb which suggests that 210 Pb is a better tracer for biomass burning than for Saharan dust. The ratio of the two clear tracers for biomass burning, nss potassium and oxalate, was different in European and in African samples, suggesting that this ratio could be used as an indicator of biomass burning type. The concentrations of continentrelated particles decreased exponentially with the distance from Africa. The shortest half-value distance, ∼100 km, was for nss calcium. The half-value distance of particles that are mainly in the submicron particles was ∼700±200 km. The MSA to nss sulfate ratio, R, increased faster than MSA concentration with decreasing anthropogenic influence, indicating that the R increase could largely be explained by the decrease of anthropogenic sulfate.

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Section: Saharan Dust and Biomass Burningsupporting

confidence: 82%

Chemical composition of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site

et al. 2006

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“…However such events are not frequent and none one of the events identified in Guan et al (2010) coincides with the eruptions studied here. Also no clearly elevated concentrations of K in excess of the ash concentration are seen in the samples, which would be expected from fires (Andreae et al, 1998). One alternative explanation is the carbon content of the air that is entrained into the volcanic jet and lifted with the volcanic effluents.…”

Section: Carbonaceous Aerosol In Volcanic Cloudsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

et al. 2013

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Large volcanic eruptions impact significantly on climate and lead to ozone depletion due to injection of particles and gases into the stratosphere where their residence times are long. In this the composition of volcanic aerosol is an important but inadequately studied factor. Samples of volcanically influenced aerosol were collected following the Kasatochi (Alaska), Sarychev (Russia) and also during the Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) eruptions in the period 2008–2010. Sampling was conducted by the CARIBIC platform during regular flights at an altitude of 10–12 km as well as during dedicated flights through the volcanic clouds from the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in spring 2010. Elemental concentrations of the collected aerosol were obtained by accelerator-based analysis. Aerosol from the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds was identified by high concentrations of sulphur and elements pointing to crustal origin, and confirmed by trajectory analysis. Signatures of volcanic influence were also used to detect volcanic aerosol in stratospheric samples collected following the Sarychev and Kasatochi eruptions. In total it was possible to identify 17 relevant samples collected between 1 and more than 100 days following the eruptions studied. The volcanically influenced aerosol mainly consisted of ash, sulphate and included a carbonaceous component. Samples collected in the volcanic cloud from Eyjafjallajökull were dominated by the ash and sulphate component (&sim;45% each) while samples collected in the tropopause region and LMS mainly consisted of sulphate (50–77%) and carbon (21–43%). These fractions were increasing/decreasing with the age of the aerosol. Because of the long observation period, it was possible to analyze the evolution of the relationship between the ash and sulphate components of the volcanic aerosol. From this analysis the residence time (1/e) of sulphur dioxide in the studied volcanic cloud was estimated to be 45 ± 22 days

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“…However, the SEM/EDX analyses showed that there was an unusually high proportion of K in S-rich particles during the episode, especially at the beginning of the episode. This is a clear indication of emissions from biomass burning, because K in the fine size fraction is well known as a good tracer of biomassburning aerosols (Andreae, 1983;Andreae et al, 1998). The trajectories and fire area map (see Figs.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and source identification of a fine particle episode in Finland

Niemi

Tervahattu

Vehkamäki

et al. 2004

Atmospheric Environment

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A strong long-range transported (LRT) fine particle (PM 2:5 ) episode occurred from March 17-22, 2002 over large areas of Finland. Most of the LRT particle mass was in the submicrometre size fraction. The number of concentrations of 90-500 nm particles increased by a factor of 5.6 during the episode, but the concentrations of particles smaller than 90 nm decreased. This reduction of the smallest particles was caused by suppressed gas-to-particle conversion due to the vapour uptake of LRT particles. Individual particle analyses using SEM/EDX showed that the proportion of sulphurrich particles rose strongly during the episode and that the relative weight percentage of potassium was unusually high in these particles. The median S/K ratios of S-rich particles were 2.1 at the beginning of the episode, 5.2 at the peak stage of the episode and 8.9 during the reference days. The high proportion of K is a clear indication of emissions from biomass burning, because K is a good tracer of biomass-burning aerosols. Trajectories and satellite detections of fire areas indicated that the main source of biomass-burning aerosols was large-scale agricultural field burning in the Baltic countries, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia. The higher S/K ratio of S-rich particles during the peak stage was obviously due to the increased proportion of fossil fuel-burning emissions in the LRT particle mass, since air masses arrived from the more polluted areas of Europe at that time. The concentrations of sulphate, total nitrate and total ammonium increased during the episode. Our results suggest that large-scale agricultural field burning may substantially affect PM 2:5 concentrations under unfavourable meteorological conditions even at distances over 1000 km from the burning areas. r

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Airborne studies of aerosol emissions from savanna fires in southern Africa: 2. Aerosol chemical composition

Cited by 216 publications

References 46 publications

Chemical composition of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site

Chemical composition of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

Characterization and source identification of a fine particle episode in Finland

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