Chemical composition of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site

Virkkula, Aki; Teinilä, Kimmo; Hillamo, Risto; Kerminen, Veli‐Matti; Saarikoski, Sanna; Aurela, Minna; Viidanoja, Jyrki; Paatero, Jussi; Koponen, Ismo K.; Kulmala, Markku

doi:10.5194/acp-6-3407-2006

Cited by 75 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Also the studies of Legrand et al ( , 1999 provided R NS with typical values for inner Antarctica in the range of 0.1 and for costal snow of about 0.3. Several studies on marine aerosol agree on a ratio on the order of 0.3 for aerosols transported in an air parcel originating from the remote Southern ocean (O'Dowd et al, 1997;Norman et al, 2003;Norman and Leck, 2005;Virkkula et al, 2006;Ooki et al, 2007). Note that measured R NS in the SO region is always far from complete neutralization of sulfate aerosol; accordingly, the availability of acidic sulfate aerosol does not stoichiometrically limit the atmospheric NH 4 þ concentration.…”

Section: The Molar Nh 4 D /Nssso 4 2l Ratiomentioning

confidence: 80%

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Ammonium and non-sea salt sulfate in the EPICA ice cores as indicator of biological activity in the Southern Ocean

Kaufmann

Fundel

Fischer

et al. 2010

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tSulfate (SO 4 2À ) and ammonium (NH 4 þ ) flux records over the last 150,000 years from both Antarctic EPICA ice cores (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) are presented. The ice core record from Dome C is influenced by the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean (SO), whereas Dronning Maud Land is facing the Atlantic sector. Generally, they reflect the past atmospheric aerosol load and, thus, potentially reveal the fingerprint of marine biogenic sources from the SO. The most important feature of both, the nssSO 4 2À as well as NH 4 þ flux records, is the absence of any significant glacial cycles, in contrary to the distinct transitions for mineral dust and sea salt aerosol over the last 150,000 years. This finding challenges the iron fertilization hypothesis on long time scales, as the significant changes in dust, e.g. from the last glacial maximum toward the Holocene have neither an impact on nssSO 4 2À nor on NH 4 þ fluxes found in interior Antarctica. The inter-site correlation of both species is weak, r 2 ¼ 0.42 for the nssSO 4 2À flux and r 2 ¼ 0.12 for the NH 4 þ flux respectively, emphasizing the local source characteristics of biogenic aerosol from the SO.Millennial variability in NH 4 þ and nssSO 4 2À is within the uncertainty of our flux estimates. Correlation with mineral dust and sea ice derived sodium shows only a very weak influence of dust deposition on those insignificant changes in nssSO 4 2À flux for the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, but also small transport changes or terrigeneous sulfate contributions may contribute to those variations at EDML.

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Section: The Molar Nh 4 D /Nssso 4 2l Ratiomentioning

confidence: 80%

“…R NS values were summarized from references in this publication (e.g. Silvente and Legrand, 1993;Norman et al, 2003;Virkkula et al, 2006) and from our own records. …”

Section: The Molar Nh 4 D /Nssso 4 2l Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium and non-sea salt sulfate in the EPICA ice cores as indicator of biological activity in the Southern Ocean

Kaufmann

Fundel

Fischer

et al. 2010

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…Asmi et al, 2010;Zieger et al, 2010). In Antarctica, the sea salt fraction of the total aerosol is dominant especially at the coastal sites with mass concentrations extending from some hundreds of ng m −3 up to several μg m −3 and further increasing towards the Southern Ocean (Artaxo and Rabello, 1992;Wagenbach et al, 1998;Virkkula et al, 2006;Weller and Lampert, 2008a;Teinilä et al, 2014). Fresh sea salt is dominated by the coarse mode aerosol particles while aerosol ageing during long-range transport increases the concentrations in the sub-micron range (Teinilä et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary sources control the variability of aerosol optical properties in the Antarctic Peninsula

Asmi

Neitola

Teinilä

et al. 2018

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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Aerosol particle optical properties were measured continuously between years 2013-2015 at the Marambio station in the Antarctic Peninsula. Annual cycles of particle scattering and absorption were studied and explained using measured particle chemical composition and the analysis of air mass transport patterns. The particle scattering was found elevated during the winter but the absorption did not show any clear annual cycle. The aerosol single scattering albedo at λ = 637 nm was on average 0.96 ± 0.10, with a median of 0.99. Aerosol scattering Ångström exponent increased during summer, indicating an increasing fraction of fine mode particles. The aerosol was mainly composed of sea salt, sulphate and crustal soil minerals, and most of the particle mass were in the coarse mode. Both the particle absorption and scattering were increased during high wind speeds. This was explained by the dominance of the primary marine sea-spray and wind-blown soil dust sources. In contrast, the back-trajectory analysis suggested that long-range transport has only a minor role as a source of absorbing aerosol at the peninsula.

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“…1) The majority of Antarctic boundary layer <1 µm particles in summer compose most likely of sulphates of marine origin (Bigg et al, 1984;Gras, 1983;Ito, 1989;O'Dowd et al, 1997;Shaw, 1988) possibly together with some organics (Kawamura et al, 1996;Virkkula et al, 2006c). If the decreased hygroscopicity is due to the vicinity of the particle source (ocean) this could refer to the aging effect of the aerosol particles containing organics (Buchholz et al, 2009).…”

Section: Hygroscopic Growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oceanic dimethyl sulphide (DMS) can be a source of sulphur dioxide in Antarctica, while the ocean can also be a source of both primary and secondary organics (Gantt et al, 2009;Gershey, 1983;O'Dowd et al, 2004;Spracklen et al, 2008). Kawamura et al (1996) and Virkkula et al (2006c) have observed organic carbon in aerosols in Antarctica. This gives a reason to presume a contribution of organics to particle chemistry in addition to the sulphate species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygroscopicity and chemical composition of Antarctic sub-micrometre aerosol particles and observations of new particle formation

et al. 2010

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Abstract.The Antarctic near-coastal sub-micrometre aerosol particle features in summer were characterised based on measured data on aerosol hygroscopicity, size distributions, volatility and chemical ion and organic carbon mass concentrations. Hysplit model was used to calculate the history of the air masses to predict the particle origin. Additional measurements of meteorological parameters were utilised. The hygroscopic properties of particles mostly resembled those of marine aerosols. The measurements took place at 130 km from the Southern Ocean, which was the most significant factor affecting the particle properties. This is explained by the lack of additional sources on the continent of Antarctica. The Southern Ocean was thus a likely source of the particles and nucleating and condensing vapours. The particles were very hygroscopic (HGF 1.75 at 90 nm) and very volatile. Most of the sub-100 nm particle volume volatilised below 100 • C. Based on chemical data, particle hygroscopic and volatile properties were explained by a large fraction of non-neutralised sulphuric acid together with organic material. The hygroscopic growth factors assessed from chemical data were similar to measured. Hygroscopicity was higher in dry continental air masses compared with the moist marine air masses. This was explained by the aging of the marine organic species and lower methanesulphonic acid volume fraction together with the changes in the inorganic aerosol chemistry as the aerosol had travelled long time over the continental Antarctica. Special focus wasCorrespondence to: E. Asmi (eija.asmi@fmi.fi) directed in detailed examination of the observed new particle formation events. Indications of the preference of negative over positive ions in nucleation could be detected. However, in a detailed case study, the neutral particles dominated the particle formation process. Freshly nucleated particles had the smallest hygroscopic growth factors, which increased subsequent to particle aging.

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Chemical composition of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site

Cited by 75 publications

References 52 publications

Ammonium and non-sea salt sulfate in the EPICA ice cores as indicator of biological activity in the Southern Ocean

Ammonium and non-sea salt sulfate in the EPICA ice cores as indicator of biological activity in the Southern Ocean

Primary sources control the variability of aerosol optical properties in the Antarctic Peninsula

Hygroscopicity and chemical composition of Antarctic sub-micrometre aerosol particles and observations of new particle formation

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