Airborne Spore Dispersal and Recolonization of Steamed Soil by Fusarium oxysporum in Tomato Greenhouses

Rowe, R. C.

doi:10.1094/phyto-67-1513

Cited by 82 publications

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“…The timing of symptom appearance and the severity of symptoms were almost the same on plants inoculated with wild-type and mutant strains, indicating that the ⌬FoSTUA mutants retained the abilities to infect host plant tissues and to cause disease symptoms under the conditions tested. F. oxysporum invades from roots of host plants, colonizes roots and stems, and produces conspicuous masses of macroconidia and microconidia on stem surfaces at the late stage of symptom development (26,44,45). We observed mycelia of wild-type and mutant strains growing on stem surfaces 3 weeks after inoculation.…”

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confidence: 87%

“…1D). These asexual spores play important roles in the disease cycle: macroconidia and microconidia are produced on the stem surfaces of infected plants and serve as secondary inocula to spread the fungus to neighboring host plants, and chlamydospores are endurance organs in soil and act as primary inocula when suitable host plants are planted in soil (17,26,39,44,45).…”

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confidence: 99%

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FoSTUA, Encoding a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein, Differentially Regulates Development of Three Kinds of Asexual Spores, Macroconidia, Microconidia, and Chlamydospores, in the Fungal Plant PathogenFusarium oxysporum

Ohara

Tsuge

2004

Eukaryot Cell

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The soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum causes vascular wilt of a wide variety of plant species. F. oxysporum produces three kinds of asexual spores, macroconidia, microconidia, and chlamydospores. Falcate macroconidia are formed generally from terminal phialides on conidiophores and rarely from intercalary phialides on hyphae. Ellipsoidal microconidia are formed from intercalary phialides on hyphae. Globose chlamydospores with thick walls are developed by the modification of hyphal and conidial cells. Here we describe FoSTUA of F. oxysporum, which differentially regulates the development of macroconidia, microconidia, and chlamydospores. FoSTUA encodes a basic helix-loop-helix protein with similarity to Aspergillus nidulans StuA, which has been identified as a transcriptional regulator controlling conidiation. Nuclear localization of FoStuA was verified by using strains expressing FoStuA-green fluorescent protein fusions. The FoSTUA-targeted mutants exhibited normal microconidium formation in cultures. However, the mutants lacked conidiophores and produced macroconidia at low frequencies only from intercalary phialides. Thus, FoSTUA appears to be necessary to induce conidiophore differentiation. In contrast, chlamydospore formation was dramatically promoted in the mutants. These data demonstrate that FoStuA is a positive regulator and a negative regulator for the development of macroconidia and chlamydospores, respectively, and is dispensable for microconidium formation in cultures. The disease-causing ability of F. oxysporum was not affected by mutations in FoSTUA. However, the mutants produced markedly fewer macroconidia and microconidia in infected plants than the wild type. These results suggest that FoSTUA also has an important role for microconidium formation specifically in infected plants.

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confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

FoSTUA, Encoding a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein, Differentially Regulates Development of Three Kinds of Asexual Spores, Macroconidia, Microconidia, and Chlamydospores, in the Fungal Plant PathogenFusarium oxysporum

Ohara

Tsuge

2004

Eukaryot Cell

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“…The species is well known as a mycotoxin producer, and so its precise identification is of prime concern (Irzykowska et al 2012). The 2 important formae speciales of F. oxysporum, FOL and FORL, display epidemiological, genetic, and symptomatological differences (Rowe et al 1977;Menzies et al 1990). Since FORL and FOL can coexist in tomato-growing greenhouses, mixed infections in 1 greenhouse, or even in 1 tomato plant, are very probable (Rosewich et al 1999;Balmas et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR detection of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici and races of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici of tomato in protected tomato growing areas of Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Çolak¹

2013

Turk J Agric For

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Levofloxacin was labeled with 99m Tc using cysteine • HCl as co-ligand and SnCl 2 .2H 2 O as reducing agent. The influence of various parameters such as amount of cysteine • HCl, reducing agent, pH value, and reaction time on labeling process was studied. After optimizing the conditions the labeling was performed at pH 5 using 1 mg of levofloxacin, 500 μ g of cysteine• HCl, 50 μ g of SnCl 2 .2H 2 O, and 15 min reaction time. The radiochemical purity was determined with the help of instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC) and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) which was more than 95% and was stable for up to 6 h. Biodistribution of 99m Tc-levofloxacin ( 99m Tc-lefx) was studied in infection induced rat models using live Staphylococcus aureus and heat killed S. aureus (sterile inflammation model). In the case of the live S. aureus induced abscess model, the accumulation of 99m Tc-lefx at target was 3.96, which was higher than that of 99m Tc-ciprofloxacin ( 99m Tc-cifx), taken as the control.

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“…Indeed, since then Yamamoto et al (1974) described the Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato in Japan and named the pathogen as a new race of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, there has been some disagreement with this designation because the symptoms are not those typical of Fusarium wilt but of the Fusarium crown and root rot (Jarvis et al, 1977;Rowe et al, 1977;Nutter et al, 1978). These results suggest that the twenty two F. oxyporum strains belong to the forma specialis F. oxysporum f. sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum isolates from tomato plants in Algeria

Mohammed¹,

Hamini-Kadar²,

Kihal³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Fusarium oxysporum is an ubiquitous soil-borne fungus, having a high genetic and ecological diversity with the potential to cause diseases of many crop species of economic interest. Indeed, some strains of F. oxysporum known as pathogens generate common diseases such as wilting, root and crown rot on host plants. Two formae speciales are confined to the tomato: F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) causing Fusarium wilt, while F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) causes Fusarium crown and root rot. The study include 27 strains isolated from the stems, crown and roots of infected tomato plants; to confirm the identity of the fungus, the isolates were identified using analysis based on morphological criteria and sequencing of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) gene using ef1 and ef2 primers. Twenty three strains belonged to F. oxysporum, three strains to Fusarium solani, and one strain to Fusarium redolens. Tomato seedlings were tested to confirm the pathogenicity of the isolates tested. Pathogenicity test confirmed that twenty two F. oxysporum isolates were pathogenic on tomato and produced crown and root rot typical of F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici forma specialis, while one strain initially identified as F. oxysporum did not induce disease symptoms and is considered as non-pathogenic. Additionally, no symptoms of Fusarium wilt were observed at all; therefore no strains can be affiliated to F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici forma specialis.

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Airborne Spore Dispersal and Recolonization of Steamed Soil by Fusarium oxysporum in Tomato Greenhouses

Cited by 82 publications

References 0 publications

FoSTUA, Encoding a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein, Differentially Regulates Development of Three Kinds of Asexual Spores, Macroconidia, Microconidia, and Chlamydospores, in the Fungal Plant PathogenFusarium oxysporum

FoSTUA, Encoding a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein, Differentially Regulates Development of Three Kinds of Asexual Spores, Macroconidia, Microconidia, and Chlamydospores, in the Fungal Plant PathogenFusarium oxysporum

PCR detection of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici and races of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici of tomato in protected tomato growing areas of Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum isolates from tomato plants in Algeria

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