PCR detection of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici and races of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici of tomato in protected tomato growing areas of Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Abstract

Levofloxacin was labeled with 99m Tc using cysteine • HCl as co-ligand and SnCl 2 .2H 2 O as reducing agent. The influence of various parameters such as amount of cysteine • HCl, reducing agent, pH value, and reaction time on labeling process was studied. After optimizing the conditions the labeling was performed at pH 5 using 1 mg of levofloxacin, 500 μ g of cysteine• HCl, 50 μ g of SnCl 2 .2H 2 O, and 15 min reaction time. The radiochemical purity was determined with the help of instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC) and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) which was more than 95% and was stable for up to 6 h. Biodistribution of 99m Tc-levofloxacin ( 99m Tc-lefx) was studied in infection induced rat models using live Staphylococcus aureus and heat killed S. aureus (sterile inflammation model). In the case of the live S. aureus induced abscess model, the accumulation of 99m Tc-lefx at target was 3.96, which was higher than that of 99m Tc-ciprofloxacin ( 99m Tc-cifx), taken as the control.

Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheet-Decorated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: A Potent Antifungal Nanocomposite against Fusarium Root Rot and Wilt Diseases of Tomato and Pepper Plants

“…Moreover, the identity of formae speciales of the tomato isolate (FORL) was determined using primer sprl-f and sprl-r previously described [30]. The PCR mixture and thermal conditions were performed according to [31]. In addition, PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA were also performed for the three F. oxypsorum isolates using the ITS1 and ITS4 primers [32].…”

“…In addition, PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA were also performed for the three F. oxypsorum isolates using the ITS1 and ITS4 primers [32]. PCR reactions were performed in a 25 µL final mixture volume containing 2 µL of 10 ng/µL of genomic DNA, 2.5 µL of 10× PCR buffer, 1 µL of dNTPs 10 mM each, 1.5 µL of 25 mM MgCl 2 , 0.5 µL each of forward and reverse primers (0.5 mM) and 0.2 µL of Taq DNA polymerase (5 U/µL; Biomatik LLC, Canada) [31]. The amplification program included an initial denaturalization cycle of 3 min at 94 • C, followed by 35 cycles of 15 s at 95 • C, 30 s at 53 • C, 80 s at 72 • C, and a final extension step of 10 min at 72 • C, in a thermal cycler (Applied Biosystems, USA).…”

“…The inoculated plates were then incubated at 26 ± 2 • C for 8 days. The antifungal effect of rGO-CuO NPs was finally evaluated by measuring the radial growth of fungal hyphae in each inoculated plate [31]:…”

Distribution and Genetic Variability of Fusarium oxysporum Associated with Tomato Diseases in Algeria and a Biocontrol Strategy with Indigenous Trichoderma spp.

“…A PCR-based technique, using a set of primers specific to the sequences of the endo-polygalacturonase gene pg1 and the exo-polygalacturonase gene pgx4 of Fo isolates from Japan, allowed FOL and FORL, and the races of FOL (Hirano and Arie, 2006 ) to be differentiated. However, discrepancies have been observed in identifying some isolates collected from tomato crops in other areas of the world, such as those from the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, with pathogenicity tests and PCR carried out using this set of primers (Baysal et al, 2009 ; Çolak and Biçici, 2013 ).…”

A three–decade survey of Brazilian Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici races assessed by pathogenicity tests on differential tomato accessions and by molecular markers

“…radicis – lycopersici (FORL) isolates across distinct continents (Hirano and Arie 2006; Balogun et al . 2008; Baysal et al 2009; Çolak and Biçici 2013; Chang et al . 2018; Cabral et al .…”