Airborne intercomparison of vacuum ultraviolet fluorescence and tunable diode laser absorption measurements of tropospheric carbon monoxide

Holloway, J. S.; Jakoubek, R.; Parrish, D. D.; Gerbig, Christoph; Volz‐Thomas, A.; Schmitgen, Sandra; Fried, Alan; Wert, B.; Henry, Bruce; Drummond, J. R.

doi:10.1029/2000jd900237

Cited by 149 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…CO and ethane levels also show spring maxima and summer minima. The CO data are very similar to measurements obtained through the NOAA flask sampling network at Azores (39º N, 27º W) (Holloway et al, 2000), a site similarly influenced by Northern Hemispheric emissions. Despite having a similar atmospheric lifetime to CO, thought to be dominated through reaction with OH, ethane shows a narrower maximum and much larger amplitude in its seasonal cycle.…”

Section: Greenhouse Gasessupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Despite having a similar atmospheric lifetime to CO, thought to be dominated through reaction with OH, ethane shows a narrower maximum and much larger amplitude in its seasonal cycle. As discussed in ) from the analysis of 2007 data, we attribute this difference in seasonal amplitude to summer time photochemical sources of CO such as oxidation of methane and OVOCs; the impact of secondary production on CO concentrations is likely to be highly relevant for the budget of this species but the current uncertainty from this source is at least a factor of three (Holloway et al, 2000). Oxidation of ethane by Cl atoms may also play a role (Lawler et al, 2009) NO x levels display a seasonal cycle, where it is generally higher during January and February and again in November and late December, as also shown by (Lee et al, ) who analysed 2007 and NO x data.…”

Section: Greenhouse Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their seasonal variation differs from that of their precursor NMHC (and primary source counterparts), with increased concentrations also observed during the summer months. The impact on CO concentrations through their secondary production has yet to be quantified but is likely to be highly relevant for the budget of this species with the current uncertainty from this source being at least a factor of 3 (Holloway et al, 2000;Read et al, 2009). …”

Section: O3/co Ratios: Influence Of Air Mass Origin and Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal characteristics of tropical marine boundary layer air measured at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory

et al. 2010

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Observations of the tropical atmosphere are fundamental to the understanding of global changes in air quality, atmospheric oxidation capacity and climate, yet the tropics are under-populated with long-term measurements. The first three years (October 2006 -September 2009) of meteorological, trace gas and particulate data from the global WMO/Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory Humberto Duarte Fonseca (CVAO; 16° 51' N, 24° 52' W) are presented, along with a characterisation of the origin and pathways of air masses arriving at the station using the NAME dispersion model and simulations of dust deposition using the COSMO-MUSCAT dust model. The observations show a strong influence from Saharan dust in winter with a maximum in super-micron aerosol and particulate iron and aluminium. The dust model results match the magnitude and daily variations of dust events, but in the region of the CVAO underestimate the measured aerosol optical thickness (AOT) because of contributions from other aerosol. The NAME model also captured the dust events, giving confidence in its ability to correctly identify air mass origins and pathways in this region. Dissolution experiments on collected dust samples showed a strong correlation between soluble Fe and Al and measured solubilities were lower at high atmospheric dust concentrations.Fine mode aerosol at the CVAO contains a significant fraction of non-sea salt components including dicarboxylic acids, methanesulfonic acid and aliphatic amines, all believed to be of oceanic origin. A marine influence is also apparent in the year-round presence of iodine and bromine monoxide (IO and BrO), with IO suggested to be confined mainly to the surface few hundred metres but BrO well mixed in the boundary layer. Enhanced CO 2 and CH 4 and depleted oxygen concentrations are markers for air-sea exchange over the nearby northwest African coastal upwelling area. Long-range transport results in generally higher levels of O 3 and anthropogenic non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in air originating from North America. Ozone/CO ratios were highest (up to 0.42) in European air masses that contain relatively less well-aged air. In air heavily influenced by Saharan dust the O 3 /CO ratio was as low as 0.13, possibly indicating O 3 uptake to dust. Nitrogen oxides (NO x and NO y ) show generally higher concentrations in winter when air mass origins are predominantly from Africa. High photochemical activity at the site is shown by maximum spring/summer concentrations of OH and HO 2 of 9 × 10 6 molecule cm -3 and 6 × 10 8 molecule cm -3 , respectively. After the primary photolysis source, the chemistry of IO and BrO, the abundance of HCHO, and aerosol uptake are important for the HO x budget in this region.3

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Section: Greenhouse Gasessupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Greenhouse Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: O3/co Ratios: Influence Of Air Mass Origin and Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal characteristics of tropical marine boundary layer air measured at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory

et al. 2010

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“…But as was well known, also because of concurrent highly resolved ozone measurements (1 s), small scale CO features are abundant. To better resolve the corresponding variations of CO concentrations and to cover the large span of the encountered mixing ratios, a fast linear response vacuum UV resonance fluorescence instrument (Volz and Kley, 1985;Gerbig et al, 1996 andHolloway et al, 2000) was developed for the second phase of CARIBIC starting in December 2004. In this paper we describe the modifications of a commercially available instrument and its performance over more than 7 years of operation and finally assess the data quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) was pioneered by several groups for research aircraft applications (Sachse et al, 1987;Wienhold et al, 1998). Indeed, at least three of these techniques (NDIR, TDLAS, VUVRF) are still used onboard aircraft, with their specific advantages and disadvantages (Nedelec et al, 2003;Holloway et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon monoxide measurements onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft using UV resonance fluorescence

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Goal of the project CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrumented Container) is to carry out regular and detailed observations of atmospheric composition (particles and gases) at cruising altitudes of passenger aircraft, i.e. at 9-12 km. Continuous, fast measurement of CO is indispensable for the chemical characterization of encountered air masses, for the detection of plumes of polluted air and for studying troposphere-stratosphere transport. CO is measured by a commercial resonance fluorescence UV instrument modified for the use onboard passenger aircraft. Modifications were necessary to optimize the instrument reliability allowing unattended operation for several days. The instrument has a precision of 1-2 ppbv at an integration time of 1 s. The response time to reach 63.2 % signal strength is 2 s. We describe the modifications of the instrument, the experiences made during its operation since December 2004, the quality control of CO measurements onboard CARIBIC, and suggest a regular service routine that guarantees long-term highquality data.

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New insights into atmospheric sources and sinks of isocyanic acid, HNCO, from recent urban and regional observations

et al. 2014

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Isocyanic acid (HNCO) has only recently been measured in the ambient atmosphere, and many aspects of its atmospheric chemistry are still uncertain. HNCO was measured during three diverse field campaigns: California Nexus-Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex 2010) at the Pasadena ground site, Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower (NACHTT 2011) at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in Weld County, CO, and Biofuel Crops emission of Ozone precursors intensive (BioCORN 2011), in a cornfield NW of Fort Collins, CO. Mixing ratios varied from below detection limit (~0.003 ppbv) to over 1.2 ppbv during a period when agricultural burning impacted the BAO Tower site. Urban areas, such as the CalNex 2010 Pasadena site, appear to have both primary (combustion) and secondary (photochemical) sources of HNCO, 50 ± 9%, and 33 ± 12%, respectively, while primary sources were responsible for the large mixing ratios of HNCO observed during the wintertime NACHTT study in suburban Colorado. Isocyanic acid during the BioCORN study in rural NE Colorado was closely correlated to ozone and therefore likely photochemically produced as a secondary product from amines or formamide. The removal of HNCO from the lower atmosphere is thought to be due to deposition, as common gas phase loss processes of photolysis and reactions with hydroxyl radicals, are slow. These ambient measurements are consistent with some HNCO deposition, which was evident at night at these surface sites.

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Airborne intercomparison of vacuum ultraviolet fluorescence and tunable diode laser absorption measurements of tropospheric carbon monoxide

Cited by 149 publications

References 25 publications

Seasonal characteristics of tropical marine boundary layer air measured at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory

Seasonal characteristics of tropical marine boundary layer air measured at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory

Carbon monoxide measurements onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft using UV resonance fluorescence

New insights into atmospheric sources and sinks of isocyanic acid, HNCO, from recent urban and regional observations

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