Air-sea exchange of dimethylsulfide in the Southern Ocean: Measurements from SO GasEx compared to temperate and tropical regions

Yang, Mingxi; Blomquist, Byron; Fairall, C. W.; Archer, Stephen D.; Huebert, B. J.

doi:10.1029/2010jc006526

Cited by 78 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

115

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2.3). This is summarised in Yang et al (2011), where a near-linear relationship with wind speed is seen, and is quantitatively close to the linear relationship predicted for the non-bubble mediated component of the transfer velocity in the physically-based bubble model of Woolf (1997), suggesting that DMS is sufficiently soluble to be unaffected by the bubble effect (Sect. 2.2.3), whilst CO 2 is not.…”

Section: Wind Speed Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 78%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transfer Across the Air-Sea Interface

Garbe

Rutgersson

Boutin

et al. 2013

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The efficiency of transfer of gases and particles across the air-sea interface is controlled by several physical, biological and chemical processes in the atmosphere and water which are described here (including waves, large-and small-scale turbulence, bubbles, sea spray, rain and surface films). For a deeper understanding of relevant transport mechanisms, several models have been developed, ranging from conceptual models to numerical models. Most frequently the transfer is described by various functional dependencies of the wind speed, but more detailed descriptions need additional information. The study of gas transfer mechanisms uses a variety of experimental methods ranging from laboratory studies to carbon budgets, mass balance methods, micrometeorological techniques and thermographic techniques. Different methods resolve the transfer at different scales of time and space; this is important to take into account when comparing different results. Air-sea transfer is relevant in a wide range of applications, for example, local and regional fluxes, global models, remote sensing and computations of global inventories. The sensitivity of global models to the description of transfer velocity is limited; it is however likely that the formulations are more important when the resolution increases and other processes in models are improved. For global flux estimates using inventories or remote sensing products the accuracy of the transfer formulation as well as the accuracy of the wind field is crucial. IntroductionThe transfer of gases and particles across the air-sea interface depends not only on the concentration difference between the water and the air, but also on the efficiency of the transfer process. The efficiency of the transfer is controlled by complex interaction of a variety of processes in the air and in the water near the interface. Here we treat both gases and particles since the transfer, to some extent, is governed by similar mechanisms. Studies of transfer across the air-sea interface include a variety of methods and techniques ranging from laboratory studies, modeling and large-scale field studies. Various methods reach somewhat different conclusions, due to representation of different

show abstract

Section: Wind Speed Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…2.10) -approximately a factor of 2 at a typical average wind speed of 7 ms À1 (e.g. Yang et al 2011;Ho et al 2011b;Johnson et al 2011). However, this might be considered rather good agreement considering the differing scales of space and time over which the various methods operate e.g.…”

Section: Wind Speed Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer Across the Air-Sea Interface

Garbe

Rutgersson

Boutin

et al. 2013

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These measurements typically show DMS gas transfer velocities that are lower and exhibit more linear wind speed dependence than the CO 2 transfer velocity-wind speed relationship inferred from dual-tracer studies (e.g. Yang et al, 2011;Goddijn-Murphy et al, 2012;Bell et al, 2015). It has been suggested that the difference between the open-ocean gas transfer velocities of CO 2 and DMS is due to the reduced importance of bubble-mediated exchange for DMS (Blomquist et al, 2006;Fairall et al, 2011;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Estimation of bubble-mediated air–sea gas exchange from concurrent DMS and CO<sub>2</sub> transfer velocities at intermediate–high wind speeds

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Simultaneous air-sea fluxes and concentration differences of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) were measured during a summertime North Atlantic cruise in 2011. This data set reveals significant differences between the gas transfer velocities of these two gases ( k w ) over a range of wind speeds up to 21 m s −1 . These differences occur at and above the approximate wind speed threshold when waves begin breaking. Whitecap fraction (a proxy for bubbles) was also measured and has a positive relationship with k w , consistent with enhanced bubble-mediated transfer of the less soluble CO 2 relative to that of the more soluble DMS. However, the correlation of k w with whitecap fraction is no stronger than with wind speed. Models used to estimate bubble-mediated transfer from in situ whitecap fraction underpredict the observations, particularly at intermediate wind speeds. Examining the differences between gas transfer velocities of gases with different solubilities is a useful way to detect the impact of bubble-mediated exchange. More simultaneous gas transfer measurements of different solubility gases across a wide range of oceanic conditions are needed to understand the factors controlling the magnitude and scaling of bubble-mediated gas exchange.

show abstract

“…This will lower the diffusivity resistance for mass transfer of DMS through the seawater surface film, as described by the Schmidt number, which is temperature dependent (Saltzman et al, 1993). This thermal effect, which can enhance the air-sea exchange of DMS (Yang et al, 2011), is expected to be pronounced during daytime low tides over coral reefs when elevated atmospheric DMS (DMS a ) concentrations have been observed (Jones and Trevena, 2005). Additionally, DMS may be directly exchanged to the atmosphere from the coral surface if aerially exposed at low tide (Hopkins et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral reef origins of atmospheric dimethylsulfide at Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Atmospheric dimethylsulfide (DMS a ), continually derived from the world's oceans, is a feed gas for the tropospheric production of new sulfate particles, leading to cloud condensation nuclei that influence the formation and properties of marine clouds and ultimately the Earth's radiation budget. Previous studies on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, have indicated coral reefs are significant sessile sources of DMS a capable of enhancing the tropospheric DMS a burden mainly derived from phytoplankton in the surface ocean; however, specific environmental evidence of coral reef DMS emissions and their characteristics is lacking. By using on-site automated continuous analysis of DMS a and meteorological parameters at Heron Island in the southern GBR, we show that the coral reef was the source of occasional spikes of DMS a identified above the oceanic DMS a background signal. In most instances, these DMS a spikes were detected at low tide under low wind speeds, indicating they originated from the lagoonal platform reef surrounding the island, although evidence of longer-range transport of DMS a from a 70 km stretch of coral reefs in the southern GBR was also observed. The most intense DMS a spike occurred in the winter dry season at low tide when convective precipitation fell onto the aerially exposed platform reef. This co-occurrence of events appeared to biologically shock the coral resulting in a seasonally aberrant extreme DMS a spike concentration of 45.9 nmol m −3 (1122 ppt). Seasonal DMS emission fluxes for the 2012 wet season and 2013 dry season campaigns at Heron Island were 5.0 and 1.4 µmol m −2 day −1 , respectively, of which the coral reef was estimated to contribute 4 % during the wet season and 14 % during the dry season to the dominant oceanic flux.

show abstract

Air-sea exchange of dimethylsulfide in the Southern Ocean: Measurements from SO GasEx compared to temperate and tropical regions

Cited by 78 publications

References 50 publications

Transfer Across the Air-Sea Interface

Transfer Across the Air-Sea Interface

Estimation of bubble-mediated air–sea gas exchange from concurrent DMS and CO<sub>2</sub> transfer velocities at intermediate–high wind speeds

Coral reef origins of atmospheric dimethylsulfide at Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Air-sea exchange of dimethylsulfide in the Southern Ocean: Measurements from SO GasEx compared to temperate and tropical regions

Cited by 78 publications

References 50 publications

Transfer Across the Air-Sea Interface

Transfer Across the Air-Sea Interface

Estimation of bubble-mediated air–sea gas exchange from concurrent DMS and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; transfer velocities at intermediate–high wind speeds

Coral reef origins of atmospheric dimethylsulfide at Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Estimation of bubble-mediated air–sea gas exchange from concurrent DMS and CO<sub>2</sub> transfer velocities at intermediate–high wind speeds