Estimation of bubble-mediated air–sea gas exchange from concurrent DMS and CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; transfer velocities at intermediate–high wind speeds

Bell, Thomas G.; Landwehr, Sebastian; Miller, S. D.; Bruyn, Warren J. De; Callaghan, Adrian H.; Scanlon, Brian; Ward, Brian; Yang, Mingxi; Saltzman, E. S.

doi:10.5194/acp-17-9019-2017

Cited by 63 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(102 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Bubble clouds in the ocean enhance the gas exchange across the air-sea interface [1]; the void fraction magnitude is important in this process [26]. Because the large bubbles predominantly determine α (Section 2), their decrease at higher S, as observed here, would affect the efficiency of the gas exchange in open ocean.…”

Section: Implications For Air-sea Interaction Studiesmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Fewer have investigated the transient bubble population because of the challenge of resolving densely packed bubbles [6,12]. However, variations of bubble cloud characteristics during the active phase of wave breaking are of interest when studying gas exchange or turbulence and energy dissipation in the upper ocean [1][2][3]13,26]. In absence of reliable measurements of N(r), measuring the shape (including z) and void fraction α of a bubble cloud as a whole is a viable alternative [1,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Salinity on Bubble Cloud Characteristics

Anguelova

Huq

2017

JMSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A laboratory experiment investigates the influence of salinity on the characteristics of bubble clouds in varying saline solutions. Bubble clouds were generated with a water jet. Salinity, surface tension, and water temperature were monitored. Measured bubble cloud parameters include the number of bubbles, the void fraction, the penetration depth, and the cloud shape. The number of large (above 0.5 mm diameter) bubbles within a cloud increases by a factor of three from fresh to saline water of 20 psu (practical salinity units), and attains a maximum value for salinity of 12-25 psu. The void fraction also has maximum value in the range 12-25 psu. The results thus show that both the number of bubbles and the void fraction vary nonmonotonically with increasing salinity. The lateral shape of the bubble cloud does not change with increasing salinity; however, the lowest point of the cloud penetrates deeper as smaller bubbles are generated.

show abstract

Section: Implications For Air-sea Interaction Studiesmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Salinity on Bubble Cloud Characteristics

Anguelova

Huq

2017

JMSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Equation (9) assumes that the gas transfer velocity is purely interfacial. Bell et al (2017), however, showed that for u 10 N > 10 m s −1 bubble-mediated transfer becomes significant for the air-sea gas exchange of CO 2 . Therefore, a more complex Schmidt number/solubility normalisation may be necessary to treat the interfacial and bubble-mediated components of the CO 2 gas transfer velocity separately.…”

Section: Gas Transfer Velocity Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…At higher wind speeds, wave breaking and bubbledriven gas transfer are expected to contribute to gas transfer of CO 2 and other sparingly soluble gases (Woolf, 1997;Fairall et al, 2011;Bell et al, 2017). Surprisingly, there is no evidence in the SOAP data for an increase in the slope of the k 660 vs. u * relationship at high wind speeds.…”

Section: Soap Gas Transfer Velocity As a Function Of Friction Velocitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Using eddy covariance to measure the dependence of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange rate on friction velocity

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Parameterisation of the air-sea gas transfer velocity of CO 2 and other trace gases under open-ocean conditions has been a focus of air-sea interaction research and is required for accurately determining ocean carbon uptake. Ships are the most widely used platform for air-sea flux measurements but the quality of the data can be compromised by airflow distortion and sensor cross-sensitivity effects. Recent improvements in the understanding of these effects have led to enhanced corrections to the shipboard eddy covariance (EC) measurements.Here, we present a revised analysis of eddy covariance measurements of air-sea CO 2 and momentum fluxes from the Southern Ocean Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) study. We show that it is possible to significantly reduce the scatter in the EC data and achieve consistency between measurements taken on station and with the ship underway. The gas transfer velocities from the EC measurements correlate better with the EC friction velocity (u * ) than with mean wind speeds derived from shipboard measurements corrected with an airflow distortion model. For the observed range of wind speeds (u 10 N = 3-23 m s −1 ), the transfer velocities can be parameterised with a linear fit to u * . The SOAP data are compared to previous gas transfer parameterisations using u 10 N computed from the EC friction velocity with the drag coefficient from the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) model version 3.5. The SOAP results are consistent with previous gas transfer studies, but at high wind speeds they do not support the sharp increase in gas transfer associated with bubblemediated transfer predicted by physically based models.

show abstract

“…Equation (9) assumes that the gas transfer velocity is purely interfacial. Bell et al (2017), however, showed that for…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Eddy Covariance to Measure the Dependence of Air-Sea CO<sub>2</sub> Exchange Rate on Friction Velocity

Landwehr¹,

Miller²,

Smith³

et al. 2017

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Parameterisation of the air-sea gas transfer velocity of CO 2 and other trace gases under open-ocean conditions has been a focus of air-sea interaction research and is required for accurately determining ocean carbon uptake. Ships are the most widely used platform for air-sea flux measurements but the quality of the data can be compromised by airflow distortion and sensor cross-sensitivity effects. Recent improvements in the understanding of these effects have led to enhanced corrections to the shipboard eddy covariance (EC) measurements. 5Here we present a revised analysis of eddy covariance measurements of air-sea CO 2 and momentum fluxes from the Southern Ocean Surface Ocean Aerosol Production study (SOAP). We show that it is possible to significantly reduce the scatter in the EC data and achieve consistency between measurements taken on-station and with the ship underway. The gas transfer velocities from the EC measurements correlate better with the EC friction velocity (u * ) than with mean wind speeds derived from shipboard measurements corrected with an airflow distortion model. For the observed range of wind speeds (u 10N =3- ), the transfer velocities can be parameterised with a linear fit to u * . The SOAP data are compared to previous gas transfer parameterisations using u 10N computed from the EC friction velocity with the drag coefficient from the COARE model. The SOAP results are consistent with previous gas transfer studies, but at high wind speeds they do not support the sharp increase in gas transfer associated with bubble-mediated transfer predicted by physically based models.1 Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi

show abstract

Estimation of bubble-mediated air–sea gas exchange from concurrent DMS and CO<sub>2</sub> transfer velocities at intermediate–high wind speeds

Cited by 63 publications

References 56 publications

Effects of Salinity on Bubble Cloud Characteristics

Effects of Salinity on Bubble Cloud Characteristics

Using eddy covariance to measure the dependence of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange rate on friction velocity

Using Eddy Covariance to Measure the Dependence of Air-Sea CO<sub>2</sub> Exchange Rate on Friction Velocity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Estimation of bubble-mediated air–sea gas exchange from concurrent DMS and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; transfer velocities at intermediate–high wind speeds

Cited by 63 publications

References 56 publications

Effects of Salinity on Bubble Cloud Characteristics

Effects of Salinity on Bubble Cloud Characteristics

Using eddy covariance to measure the dependence of air–sea CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange rate on friction velocity

Using Eddy Covariance to Measure the Dependence of Air-Sea CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Exchange Rate on Friction Velocity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Estimation of bubble-mediated air–sea gas exchange from concurrent DMS and CO<sub>2</sub> transfer velocities at intermediate–high wind speeds

Using eddy covariance to measure the dependence of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange rate on friction velocity

Using Eddy Covariance to Measure the Dependence of Air-Sea CO<sub>2</sub> Exchange Rate on Friction Velocity