Air Processed Inkjet Infiltrated Carbon Based Printed Perovskite Solar Cells with High Stability and Reproducibility

Abstract

Carbon based perovskite solar cells are fabricated for the first time in a room temperature environment by employing inkjet infiltration of perovskite precursor ink. The fabricated perovskite solar cells exhibit impressive performance reproducibility with this automated method and exhibit high stability when exposed to 35 °C for a period of 1046 hours.

Long term stability of air processed inkjet infiltrated carbon-based printed perovskite solar cells under intense ultra-violet light soaking

“…6,26,27 This transformation into PbI 2 was also observed around the edges of carbon electrodes in our rst report regarding the inkjet inltration of perovskite precursor ink into these CPSCs and was also conrmed through XRD analysis. 21 As a result, both the initial average J SC and power conversion efficiency (PCE) were reduced by $25% and 28%, respectively, due to the performance degradation in the individual cells of this batch (Fig. 1a-e, Table S1-ESI †).…”

“…Keeping this fact as the motivation, we recently reported for these CPSCs a successful demonstration of the automated inltration of the perovskite precursor ink through a material inkjet printer 21 and observed their very high long term stability for more than 1000 hours under continuous light illumination equivalent to 1 Sun at 35 C without any encapsulation. 21 These promising stability results encouraged us to investigate further the stability of these air processed inkjet inltrated CPSCs under a new stress i.e.…”

“…21 These promising stability results encouraged us to investigate further the stability of these air processed inkjet inltrated CPSCs under a new stress i.e. ultra-violet (UV) light which has been identied as one of the key issues for the long term stability of other types of PV systems such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), 22,23 and has raised concerns also in the eld of perovskite solar cells.…”

Homogeneous and highly controlled deposition of low viscosity inks and application on fully printable perovskite solar cells

“…The active area was defined through an aperture mask with an area of 9 mm 2 . Stability tests were performed under continuous irradiation from white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in ambient condition (18)(19)(20)(21)(22) • C, around 50% relative humidity) at both 1 and 0.5 equivalent sun recording a complete JV curve every 15 min in the first 5 h and every 1 h for the remainder of the test. External quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements were carried out using a QE X10 system (PV Measurements) in the wavelength range between 300 and 850 nm in direct current (DC) mode with a light spot of less than 10 mm 2 .…”

“…Perovskite precursor solutions are typically manually applied to the carbon surface using a pipette via either a 1-step [10,11] or 2-step [16,17] approach and only recently by inkjet printing [18].…”