Air Pollution in Welding Processes — Assessment and Control Methods

Abstract

Shielded Metal Arc Welding: (SMAW) also is known as Manual Metal Arc welding (MMA) or stick electrode welding. It is one of the oldest, simplest, and most versatile arc welding processes used for carbon steel welding and low alloy welding. In SMAW, the electrode is held manually, and the electric arc flows between the electrode and the base metal. The electrode is covered with a flux material which provides a shielding gas for the weld to help minimize impurities. A wide range of metals, welding positions and electrodes are available based on intended requirements. This type of welding is especially suitable for jobs such as the erection of structures, construction, shipbuilding, and pipeline work. Contrary to the other methods requiring shielding gas which are unsuitable in wind, SMAW can be used outdoors in different Air Pollution in Welding Processes -Assessment and Control Methods http://dx.

Análisis de la microestructura de humos de soldadura de aceros de bajo y medio contenido de carbon

“…Peaks in the band range of 1012 and 420 cm -1 were obtained due to the tension of the metal oxide bonds. The FTIR peaks of the elements in the source fume obtained according to EDS analysis were consistent with the literature Al-O (Jamal et al, 2014;Benykhlef et al, 2016;Yi et al, 2018) (Basu et al, 2011;Farzaneh and Najafi, 2011;Abdullah et al, 2014), Cu-O (Zheng et al, 2010;Sahai et al, 2016;Ponmudi et al, 2019), Fe-O (Abdullah et al, 2014;Golbabaei and Khadem, 2015), Mn-O (Chen and He, 2008;Sevilla and Fuertes, 2009;Lin et al, 2012) (Saikia and Parthasarathy, 2010;Vaculikova et al, 2011;Diko et al, 2016;Bahah et al, 2019;Mohammadi et al, 2019), Ti-O (Jamal et al, 2014), V-O (Wang et al, 2006;Habtemariam et al, 2019), Zr-O (Wang et al, 2019b) metal oxides and oxide structures in different structures because metal oxides generally exhibit peaks below 1000 cm -1 , which may be caused by inter-atomic vibrations (Lagashetty et al, 2007).…”

“…According to the peak values shown in Fig. 4; 3296, peaks in the band range of 2921 cm -1 (Ehrman et al, 1999;Jenkins et al, 2005a;Jenkins and Eagar, 2005b;Wang et al, 2006;Chen and He, 2008;Sowards et al, 2008;Sevilla and Fuertes, 2009;Gibot and Vidal, 2010;Saikia and Parthasarathy, 2010;Zheng et al, 2010;Vaculikova et al, 2011;Basu et al, 2011;Farzaneh and Najafi, 2011;Lin et al, 2012;Abdullah et al, 2014;Jamal et al, 2014;Golbabaei and Khadem, 2015;Naushad et al, 2015;Diko et al, 2016; Sahai et al, 2016;Benykhlef et al, 2016;Yi et al, 2018;Ge et al, 2019;Habtemariam et al, 2019;Bahah et al, 2019;Abinaya et al, 2019;Alias et al, 2019;Altunal et al, 2019;Boroń et al, 2019;Reddy et al, 2019;Karthik et al, 2019;Karunathilaka et al, 2019;Kono et al, 2019;Mohammadi et al, 2019;Ponmudi et al2019;Scaccia et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2019a;Wang et al, 2019b;Yang et al, 2019), indicate O-H bonding i...…”

“…The welding fume sample was obtained from the fume of electrodes used in low and medium carbon steels and their electric arc welding since carbon steels are the most commonly used materials in the world (Golbabaei and Khadem, 2015). These particles were deposited by vacuuming to a ceramic filter at the room temperature.…”

“…Previous works have reported some specific chemical composition of welding (Ehrman et al, 1999;Jenkins and Eagar, 2005a;Jenkins and Eagar, 2005b;Sowards et al, 2010;Golbabaei and Khadem, 2015;Stebounova et al, 2018). However, there is still need of a study involving comprehensive analysis of chemical composition of welding fume in order to have better understanding on possible adverse health effects, and have create better preventive and safety strategies.…”

Evaluating the Environmental Impacts and Energy Performance of a Wind Farm System Utilizing the Life-Cycle Assessment Method: A Practical Case Study

“…Each part has a specific mold where the steel is heated to a high enough temperature (2500 • F) and then poured into the mold to form the required shape. This welding process causes various pollutants to be released, including components of particles such as lead, nickel, zinc, iron oxide, copper, cadmium, fluorides, manganese, and chromium, and gases like carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen [47][48][49]. The last part is the nacelle, which contains the engine and all other devices to control the engine and blades.…”