Air Pollution from Large Two-Stroke Diesel Engines and Technologies to Control It

Henningsen, Svend

doi:10.1016/b978-012639855-7/50053-3

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, etc. form less than 0.5% of the exhaust gas volume [43]. In addition, the nitrogen oxides (NOx) were estimated based on their expected concentration in the exhaust gas depending on the engine type and the used fuel [28,43].…”

Section: Exhaust Gas Emissions Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A computational study on the performance and emission parameters mapping of a ship propulsion system

Theotokatos

Tzelepis

2013

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M:

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In the present article, the mapping of the performance and emission parameters of a merchant vessel propulsion system over the ship operating envelope was carried out by using a model capable of representing the ship propulsion system behaviour. The model was developed based on a modular approach and was implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The various parts of the propulsion engine as well as the shafting system, the propeller and ship hull were represented by separate submodels having the appropriate interface for exchanging the required variables to each other. The output of the model includes the performance and emission parameters of the engine as well as the operating parameters of the propeller and ship. Initially, the propulsion engine operation under steady state conditions was simulated and the predicted engine performance parameters results were validated. Then, simulations of the ship propulsion system operating points at various resistance curves were performed. Based on the derived results, the mapping of the ship propulsion system performance and emissions parameters was presented and their variation throughout the ship operating envelope was discussed. Finally, an example of using the derived results in order to minimise the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions for a typical ship route is presented and discussed

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Section: Exhaust Gas Emissions Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A computational study on the performance and emission parameters mapping of a ship propulsion system

Theotokatos

Tzelepis

2013

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M:

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“…Exhaust gas recycle (EGR) is primarily used for nitrogen oxide reduction in diesel engines [32]. EGR returns a fraction of cooled flue gas to the air intake system, reducing the air-to-fuel excess ratio, consequently reducing O 2 availability in the combustion and lowering NO x formation.…”

Section: Exhaust Gas Recyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamically Efficient, Low-Emission Gas-to-Wire for Carbon Dioxide-Rich Natural Gas: Exhaust Gas Recycle and Rankine Cycle Intensifications

Poblete,

de Medeiros,

Araújo

2024

Processes

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Onshore gas-to-wire is considered for 6.5 MMSm3/d of natural gas, with 44% mol carbon dioxide coming from offshore deep-water oil and gas fields. Base-case GTW-CONV is a conventional natural gas combined cycle, with a single-pressure Rankine cycle and 100% carbon dioxide emissions. The second variant, GTW-CCS, results from GTW-CONV with the addition of post-combustion aqueous monoethanolamine carbon capture, coupled to carbon dioxide dispatch to enhance oil recovery. Despite investment and power penalties, GTW-CCS generates both environmental and economic benefits due to carbon dioxide’s monetization for enhanced oil production. The third variant, GTW-CCS-EGR, adds two intensification layers over GTW-CCS, as follows: exhaust gas recycle and a triple-pressure Rankine cycle. Exhaust gas recycle is a beneficial intensification for carbon capture, bringing a 60% flue gas reduction (reduces column’s diameters) and a more than 100% increase in flue gas carbon dioxide content (increases driving force, reducing column’s height). GTW-CONV, GTW-CCS, and GTW-CCS-EGR were analyzed on techno-economic and environment–thermodynamic grounds. GTW-CCS-EGR’s thermodynamic analysis unveils 807 MW lost work (79.8%) in the combined cycle, followed by the post-combustion capture unit with 113 MW lost work (11.2%). GTW-CCS-EGR achieved a 35.34% thermodynamic efficiency, while GTW-CONV attained a 50.5% thermodynamic efficiency and 56% greater electricity exportation. Although carbon capture and storage imposes a 35.9% energy penalty, GTW-CCS-EGR reached a superior net value of 1816 MMUSD thanks to intensification and carbon dioxide monetization, avoiding 505.8 t/h of carbon emissions (emission factor 0.084 tCO2/MWh), while GTW-CONV entails 0.642 tCO2/MWh.

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“…15,16 Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an established method for reducing NO x formation in engines by reducing the oxygen levels and the temperature and, with that, slowing down the combustion process. 17 Chen et al 18 tested the effect of EGR to reduce emissions of persistent organic pollutants from diesel engines. This work show a 9 times increase in PAH by mass emission factors when the EGR was set to 5%.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Pilot Scale Silicon Process with Flue Gas Recirculation

Arnesen

Vachaparambil

Andersen

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Flue gas recirculation (FGR) is a method used in several industries to control emissions and process conditions, such as NO x reduction and temperature levels, and increase the CO2 concentration in the off-gas, to be better suited for methods of carbon capture. In this study, the influence of FGR, varying levels of flue gas flow and oxygen concentration on the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated during Si alloy production. In addition, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was performed using OpenFOAM for combustion of C2H2 and H2 with varying O2 levels to simulate FGR and to gain better insight into the impact of furnace operations on the PAH evolution. Experimental results show that increasing FGR (0–82.5%) and decreasing levels of oxygen (20.7–13.3 vol %) increase the PAH-42 concentration from 14.1 to 559.7 μg/Nm3. This is supported by the simulations, where increased formation of all PAHs species was observed at high levels of FGR, especially for the lighter aromatic species (like benzene and naphthalene), due to the lower availability of oxygen and the reduction in temperature. Residence time was identified as another key parameter to promote complete combustion of PAHs. Benzene oxidation can be prevented with temperatures lower than 1000 K and residence times smaller than 1 s, while complete oxidation is found at temperatures of around 1500 K.

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Air Pollution from Large Two-Stroke Diesel Engines and Technologies to Control It

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

A computational study on the performance and emission parameters mapping of a ship propulsion system

A computational study on the performance and emission parameters mapping of a ship propulsion system

Thermodynamically Efficient, Low-Emission Gas-to-Wire for Carbon Dioxide-Rich Natural Gas: Exhaust Gas Recycle and Rankine Cycle Intensifications

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Pilot Scale Silicon Process with Flue Gas Recirculation

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