“…While environmental chemical exposures have been suggested as potential risk factors for PB, such as phthalate diesters (Ferguson et al,2014), organochlorine pesticides, (Kadhel et al,2014; Longnecker et al,2001), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (Helmfrid et al,2012; Taylor et al,1984), recent evidence suggests that ambient air pollution may play a role in PB (Brauer et al,2008; Dadvand et al,2013; Darrow et al,2009; Hannam et al,2014; Hansen et al,2006; Hyder et al,2014; Jiang et al,2007; Kim et al,2007; Lee et al,2013; Pereira et al,2014; Ritz et al,2000; Rojas-Rueda et al,2013; Rudra et al,2011; Sagiv et al,2005; Schifano et al,2013; Suh et al,2009; van den Hooven et al,2012; Wilhelm and Ritz,2005; Wilhelm et al,2011; Yorifuji et al,2011; Zhao et al,2011). Further, air pollution has been associated with other adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight, small for gestational age, and birth defects (Ha et al,2014; Harris et al,2014; Hwang et al,2011; Vinikoor-Imler et al,2014).…”