Air Pollution and Nonmalignant Respiratory Mortality in 16 Cohorts within the ESCAPE Project

Dimakopoulou, Konstantina; Samoli, Evangelia; Beelen, Rob; Stafoggia, Massimo; Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic; Hoffmann, Barbara; Fischer, Paul; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark; Víneis, Paolo; Xun, Wei; Hoek, Gerard; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Oudin, Anna; Forsberg, Bertil; Modig, Lars; Jousilahti, Pekka; Lanki, Timo; Turunen, Anu W.; Oftedal, Bente; Nafstad, Per; Schwarze, Per E.; Penell, Johanna; Fratiglioni, Laura; Andersson, Niklas; Pedersen, Nancy L.; Korek, Michal; Fairé, Ulf dé; Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup; Tjønneland, Anne; Becker, Thomas; Wang, Meng; Bueno‐de‐Mesquita, Bas; Tsai, Ming-Yi; Eeftens, Marloes; Peeters, Petra H.M.; Meliefste, Kees; Marcon, Alessandro; Krämer, Ursula; Kuhlbusch, Thomas A. J.; Vossoughi, Mohammad; Key, Timothy J.; Hoogh, Kees de; Hampel, Regina; Peters, Annette; Heinrich, Joachim; Weinmayr, Gudrun; Concin, Hans; Nagel, Gabriële; Ineichen, Alex; Jacquemin, Bénédicte; Stempfelet, Morgane; Vilier, Alice; Ricceri, Fulvio; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Pedeli, Xanthi; Katsoulis, Michail; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Brunekreef, Bert; Katsouyanni, Klea

doi:10.1164/rccm.201310-1777oc

Cited by 62 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Moreover, the ESCAPE reported a negative association between PM 2.5 absorbance (i.e. particulate marker for traffic emissions) and respiratory mortality (Dimakopoulou et al, 2014) that is in line with the linear model results of this study. Our piecewise models, however, revealed that these associations may be non-linear across the exposure range.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…We observed no linear association between total PM 2.5 or PM 10 and mortality which agrees with findings from a Dutch cohort study (Beelen et al, 2008) and the ESCAPE results for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality (Beelen et al, 2014b;Dimakopoulou et al, 2014). Most prior individual-level studies, including the ESCAPE analyses for all-cause mortality (Beelen et al, 2014a) and the nationwide analyses using the American Cancer Society (ACS) cohorts (Krewski et al, 2005(Krewski et al, , 2009, have reported positive associations between PM 2.5 and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Further, there is considerable potential for confounding of pollution effects by socioeconomic factors when conducting small-area analyses within cities. Although the association between PM 2.5 or PM 10 and mortality is well established (Beelen et al, 2014a;Carey et al, 2013;Cesaroni et al, 2013;Jerrett et al, 2013;Krewski et al, 2005Krewski et al, , 2009Maheswaran et al, 2005), these tend to be more influenced by urban/regional background concentrations and to date, there is less evidence associating mortality with long-term exposure to the primary traffic pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ) or particles related specifically to vehicle emissions (Beelen et al, 2008(Beelen et al, , 2014bCesaroni et al, 2013;Dimakopoulou et al, 2014;Jerrett et al, 2013;Maheswaran et al, 2005). The majority of epidemiological studies of air pollution and mortality have been based on comparisons between cities, which vary in regional/urban background pollutants as well as in traffic related pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Is long-term exposure to traffic pollution associated with mortality? A small-area study in London

Halonen

Blangiardo

Toledano

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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Long-term exposure to primary traffic pollutants may be harmful for health but few studies have investigated effects on mortality. We examined associations for six primary traffic pollutants with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 2003-2010 at small-area level using linear and piecewise linear Poisson regression models. In linear models most pollutants showed negative or null association with all-cause, cardiovascular or respiratory mortality. In the piecewise models we observed positive associations in the lowest exposure range (e.g. relative risk (RR) for all-cause mortality 1.07 (95% credible interval (CI) = 1.00-1.15) per 0.15 μg/m(3) increase in exhaust related primary particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5)) whereas associations in the highest exposure range were negative (corresponding RR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91-0.96). Overall, there was only weak evidence of positive associations with mortality. That we found the strongest positive associations in the lowest exposure group may reflect residual confounding by unmeasured confounders that varies by exposure group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Is long-term exposure to traffic pollution associated with mortality? A small-area study in London

Halonen

Blangiardo

Toledano

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lung function in children was associated with both PM 2.5 and PM 2.5 absorbance (Gehring et al, 2013). Cerebrovascular events, nonmalignant respiratory deaths, prevalence and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and allergic sensitization measures were not significantly associated with any PM measure Dimakopoulou et al, 2014;Gruzieva et al, 2014;Schikowski et al, 2014). None of these studies considered multipollutant models.…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ESCAPE studies considered a wide range of health endpoints, including mortality by several cause categories Dimakopoulou et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014), several morbidity measures MacIntyre et al, 2014;Raaschou-Nielsen et al, 2013;Schikowski et al, 2014;Stafoffia et al, 2014;Fuertes et al, 2014), physiological measures (Fuks et al, 2014;Gehring et al, 2013;Gruzieva et al, 2014), and reproductive measures (Pederen et al, 2013). The results from these studies varied according to the endpoint studied, with cardiovascular endpoints generally showing a significant association with PM 2.5 mass, but not with PM 2.5 absorbance .…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Wyzga

Rohr

2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

109

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While most in the scientific community are of the opinion that the composition of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is an important driver of resultant health effects, there is still some degree of uncertainty regarding those components considered to be most harmful. Reviews of the subject from several perspectives have been published, but to our knowledge a comprehensive review of the epidemiological and toxicological literature related to long-term exposure to PM 2.5 components does not exist. We reviewed published epidemiological studies that were of a cohort design, included at least one PM component as well as PM 2.5 mass, and included quantitative analysis to relate health outcomes to individual components. Toxicological studies were included if they were ≥5 months in duration and either included at least one PM component as well as PM mass or focused on a specific PM or emissions type. Overall, we find that epidemiological and toxicological evidence for long-term effects of PM components is limited, in contrast to the short-term literature, which is more plentiful. Epidemiological literature suggests that a number of components are associated with health effects, and that no component is unequivocally not so associated. Toxicological studies that can more easily identify potentially causal components are generally limited to long-term studies using concentrated ambient particles (CAPs), of which few long-term studies exist. Epidemiological study designs that utilize existing monitoring data routinely collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency would be valuable additions to the literature, as would novel toxicological studies that incorporate innovative designs to separate components or groups of components, such as denuders, filtration, or other approaches. From a policy perspective, it is important to more comprehensively investigate this issue so that if particular constituents are determined to be more potent in inducing health effects, their sources can be controlled.Implications: Understanding the components of PM 2.5 that are most harmful to human health is a critical policy issue. This review examined the epidemiological and toxicological literature related to long-term exposure to PM components and found that, unlike the literature on short-term health effects, there is insufficient information to make clear inferences about causal components. There is a need for further research in this area to exploit existing PM monitoring data in epidemiological studies and to design experimental studies that are able to tease out the effects of multiple constituents.

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Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Mortality Due to Lung Cancer and Cardiopulmonary Diseases in Polish Cities

Badyda¹,

Grellier²,

Dąbrowiecki³

2016

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Air pollution, one of ten most important causes of premature mortality worldwide, remains a major issue also in the EU, with more than 400,000 premature deaths due to exposure to PM2.5 reported yearly. The issue is particularly significant in Poland, where there is the highest concentration of PM2.5 among the EU countries. This study focused on the proportion of mortality due to lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases attributable to PM2.5 in eleven biggest Polish cities in the years 2006-2011. The findings demonstrate that the mean annual concentration of PM2.5 varied from 14.3 to 52.5 μg/m 3. The average population attributable fractions varied from 0.195 to 0.413 in case of lung cancer and from 0.130 to 0.291 for cardiopulmonary diseases. Such substantial values of this ratio translate into a considerable number of deaths, which ranged between 9.6 and 22.8 cases for lung cancer and 48.6 to 136.6 cases for cardiopulmonary diseases per 100,000 inhabitants. We conclude that the impact of PM2.5 concentration on the incidence of premature deaths is unduly high in Polish cities.

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Air Pollution and Nonmalignant Respiratory Mortality in 16 Cohorts within the ESCAPE Project

Abstract: In this study of 16 cohorts, there was no association between air pollution exposure and nonmalignant respiratory mortality.

Cited by 62 publications

References 42 publications

Is long-term exposure to traffic pollution associated with mortality? A small-area study in London

Is long-term exposure to traffic pollution associated with mortality? A small-area study in London

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Mortality Due to Lung Cancer and Cardiopulmonary Diseases in Polish Cities

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