Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Mortality Due to Lung Cancer and Cardiopulmonary Diseases in Polish Cities

Abstract

Air pollution, one of ten most important causes of premature mortality worldwide, remains a major issue also in the EU, with more than 400,000 premature deaths due to exposure to PM2.5 reported yearly. The issue is particularly significant in Poland, where there is the highest concentration of PM2.5 among the EU countries. This study focused on the proportion of mortality due to lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases attributable to PM2.5 in eleven biggest Polish cities in the years 2006-2011. The findings demonstrate that the mean annual concentration of PM2.5 varied from 14.3 to 52.5 μg/m 3. The average population attributable fractions varied from 0.195 to 0.413 in case of lung cancer and from 0.130 to 0.291 for cardiopulmonary diseases. Such substantial values of this ratio translate into a considerable number of deaths, which ranged between 9.6 and 22.8 cases for lung cancer and 48.6 to 136.6 cases for cardiopulmonary diseases per 100,000 inhabitants. We conclude that the impact of PM2.5 concentration on the incidence of premature deaths is unduly high in Polish cities.

PM2.5 exposure induces vascular dysfunction via NO generated by iNOS in lung of ApoE-/- mouse

“…The inflammation, oxidative stress and vasculopathy are three key factors involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases, all of which are closely related to each other [9][10][11]. Oxidative stress is a common inducer of chronic inflammation.…”

Preliminary comparative assessment of PM10 hourly measurement results from new monitoring stations type using stochastic and exploratory methodology and models

“…The present equivalence methods have been described in detail in [3,4]. These methods allow for the correction of measurement results of various types of new measuring devices based on correction factors and models of linear and orthogonal regression.…”

“…Obtained data allow to use them in key models: impact air pollution on health [1,3]. It is indispensable in the statistical methodology [4].…”

“…It is a complex mixture of particles of different chemical composition and size that strongly interacts with human health [3,4,5]. It can be found both from natural sources (marine aerosol, rock erosion) as well as anthropogenic (transport emissions, municipal and other emissions).…”

Preliminary comparative assessment and elements of equivalence of air pollution measurement results of portable monitoring stations with using stochastic models

“…Thicker fractions of dust can settle in the lungs and entire upper respiratory tract, while smaller particles can penetrate the lungs into the bloodstream and enter the brain, heart and other organs. They can cause upper respiratory tract diseases (asthma, COPD, dyspnea), but also cause heart disease, nervous system, neurosis and many others [8,9].…”