Air pollution–aerosol interactions produce more bioavailable iron for ocean ecosystems

Li, Weijun; Xu, Liang; Liu, Xiaohuan; Zhang, Jianchao; Lin, Yangting; Yao, Xiaohong; Gao, Huiwang; Zhang, Daizhou; Chen, Jianmin; Wang, Wenxing; Harrison, Roy M.; Zhang, Xiaoye; Shao, Longyi; Fu, Pingqing; Nenes, Athanasios; Shi, Zongbo

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601749

Cited by 199 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Results from this study over the US east coast were generally comparable to those over marine environments, especially the investigation conducted over the North Atlantic. However, the highest total dissolved iron from this study was lower than that over the Northwest Pacific and East China Sea [43,53], where there were large amounts of dust, internally mixing with anthropogenic air pollutants [18], while it was higher than the observation results over the pristine environment, such as the coastal East Antarctica [41]. Figure 3a showed the particle size distribution of Fe(II).…”

Section: Meteorological Datacontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Dust particles undergo heterogeneous reactions at gas-solid-liquid interfaces during long-range transport [16,17]. Photochemical reductions, particularly in more acidic cloud waters may promote dissolution of Fe [18], leading to the production of soluble Fe (II) [19][20][21]. Solubility of Fe could also be affected by the processes involving inorganic acidic species, such as sulfur-and nitrogen-containing compounds [22][23][24] and organic acidic species, such as oxalic acid [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Atmospheric Iron Speciation and Acid Processing at Metropolitan Newark on the US East Coast

Gao

2017

Atmosphere

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Abstract:To characterize atmospheric dissolved iron over Newark, a large metropolitan city on US east coast, size-segregated (0.056-18 µm in aerodynamic diameter) aerosols were collected in downtown Newark, New Jersey during August to October 2012. Aerosols samples were analyzed for Fe(II) and total dissolved iron (Fe(TD)) by UV/Visible spectroscopy, and water soluble compounds were analyzed by ion chromatograph (IC). Results from this study showed that Fe(II) concentrations were 2.1 ng m −3 (range: 1.2-4.2 ng m −3 ), Fe(TD) concentrations were 2.4 ng m −3 (range: 1.3-4.9 ng m −3 ). Dissolved iron (Fe(II) and Fe(TD)) in general appeared as bi-modal size distribution, was mainly accumulated in the fine mode. The highest concentration of dissolved iron displayed in the fine mode, which was associated with high concentrations of sulfate, oxalate and nitrate, suggesting the potential for Fe-acids interactions. Dissolved iron presented positive correlations with sulfate in the coarse mode, and with nitrate in the fine mode, further suggesting the importance of acid processing in aerosol iron solubility. However, as the oxalate concentration was so low, a good correlation between dissolved iron and oxalate in both the fine and coarse mode was not found.

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Section: Meteorological Datacontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Atmospheric Iron Speciation and Acid Processing at Metropolitan Newark on the US East Coast

Gao

2017

Atmosphere

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“…Therefore, both ISORROPIA‐II and E‐AIM II calculations showed that the fine particles were moderately acidic (pH: 3–5) during severe haze episodes in northern China. A recent study demonstrated acid dissolution of Fe in sulfate‐coated particles in northern China [ Li et al ., ]. Their results provide evidence to confirm the acidic nature of haze particles in this region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Fine particle pH during severe haze episodes in northern China

Liu

Song

Zhou

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

235

207

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Aerosol acidity plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. China emits large amounts of SO2, NOx, and NH3 into the atmosphere, but aerosol acidity is poorly characterized. In this study, simultaneous 1 h measurements of particulate and gaseous compositions along with the ISORROPIA‐II thermodynamic equilibrium model were used to study aerosol acidity during severe haze episodes in northern China. The summed concentration of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium was 135 ± 51 μg/m3 with a maximum of 250 μg/m3, and the gas‐phase NH3 mixing ratio was 22 ± 9 ppb. Fine particles were moderately acidic, with a pH range of 3.0–4.9 and an average of 4.2, which was higher than those in the United States and Europe. Excess NH3 and high aerosol water content are responsible for the relatively lower aerosol acidity. These results suggest that the new pathways for sulfate production in China proposed by recent studies should be revisited.

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“…The NanoSIMS ion probe, characterized by high spatial resolution, high sensitivity, and multi‐collection capability, has been the most important analytical technique for measuring the elemental and isotopic ratios of micron to sub‐micron particles . It has been widely used in a variety of cosmochemical and biological‐geochemical studies . For example, early NanoSIMS work was commonly used to analyze the isotopes of sub‐micron presolar grains, which are refractory dust grains from primitive meteorites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NanoSIMS measurements of sub‐micrometer particles using the local thresholding technique

Hao

Yang

Huang

et al. 2019

Surface & Interface Analysis

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NanoSIMS has been the most widely used analytical technique for measuring the elemental and isotopic ratios of micrometer to sub‐micrometer particles, e.g., pre‐solar grains, soil particles, and fog‐helium aerosol particles. Automated sample stage movement combined with particle recognition algorithm is commonly used to improve analytical efficiency. However, due to the effect of sample topography or variation in ion yield rates, the global thresholding method used in previous studies has a low recognition rate. In order to improve the recognition rate, here we have developed a high‐efficiency sub‐micron particle recognition method. This method searches for the threshold that minimizes the intra‐class variance of the local domain (the radius of the local is set to 10 pixels). The central pixel of this circular ROI is then tested against the threshold found for this region. Presolar grains from the Qingzhen (EH3) meteorite and soil organic particles from Oxisol were analyzed. The analytical efficiency was improved by 120‐200% compared with the global thresholding algorithms. This method can be widely applied in automated studies of large numbers of micrometer to sub‐micrometer particles.

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Air pollution–aerosol interactions produce more bioavailable iron for ocean ecosystems

Abstract: Acidic air pollutants dissolve iron in aerosols and fertilize the ocean.

Cited by 199 publications

References 65 publications

Characterization of Atmospheric Iron Speciation and Acid Processing at Metropolitan Newark on the US East Coast

Characterization of Atmospheric Iron Speciation and Acid Processing at Metropolitan Newark on the US East Coast

Fine particle pH during severe haze episodes in northern China

NanoSIMS measurements of sub‐micrometer particles using the local thresholding technique

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