Air pollutants and impairments of male reproductive health-an overview

Abstract

Excessive air pollution, both ambient and indoor are might be detrimental to human wellbeing and are related to morbidity and mortality, it may also affect the reproductive function and its outcome. It is a recognized fact that air pollution contains several toxicants, gases, particulate matter, toxic metals etc. Some of them might affect reproductive and developmental process and a few are persistent. The information accessible on air pollution to human male reproduction is stated to affect semen quality by diminishing one or more sperm quality parameters i.e., sperm morphology, concentration, motility etc. and may causes sperm DNA damage, these might alter the fertility potential which in turn affect pregnancy or its outcome. The impact might be related to the pollutant’s concentration and duration of exposure. The data on impact of air contamination on endocrine function are inadequate, inconsistence and the diversity of existence of air contaminants in area to area and multiplicity in semen quality parameters assessed in various studies as well as study design variables complicated the problem of evaluation of impact of air pollution on male reproduction. The data available suggests the air pollution is might be injurious to human male reproductive health, which depends upon amounts of air pollutants in the air, duration of exposure etc. but more comprehensive data are needed to substantiate the findings. The data are also needed on indoor air pollution on reproduction as people are might be subjected to greater quantities of some of the indoor air pollutants as compared to ambient air pollution.

Climate change and global health: A call to more research and more action

“…These health harms include exacerbation of chronic respiratory and cardiovascular conditions; increased occurrence of acute cardiovascular events and metabolic, dermatologic, and mental health disorders; increased susceptibility to respiratory infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2; immune dysfunction; adverse pregnancy outcomes; sperm damage; infant developmental disorders; and dementia. 15,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] Increases in asthma attacks and asthma hospitalization are associated with wildfires. A study found that use of prescribed burns, which can decrease size and severity of wildfires, may be beneficial for immune health.…”

Short total sleep duration and poor sleep quality might be associated with asthenozoospermia risk: A case-control study

“…Information on sleep status and potential confounding factors obtained from questionnaires might be subject to recall bias. Third, this study failed to completely exclude confounding bias because some covariates were unmeasured, such as genetic factors ( Ni et al, 1997 ; Ley et al, 2018 ), air pollutants ( Kumar et al, 2021 ; Sun et al, 2020 ), and water and soil pollution ( Di Nisio and Foresta, 2019 ), which might influence the aforementioned associations. Further research is needed to rule out the possibility of residual confounders and better elucidate the association between sleep status and asthenozoospermia risk.…”

Mediterranean Diet as a Shield against Male Infertility and Cancer Risk Induced by Environmental Pollutants: A Focus on Flavonoids

“…Some of them could affect the reproductive process and sperm quality by decreasing one or more sperm quality parameters i.e., sperm morphology, concentration, motility, sperm DNA damage, up to testicular cancer. The impact could be related to the concentration of pollutants and the duration of exposure [206]. PAHs, formed by pyrogenic, petrogenic and biogenic (biological) processes, are defined as persistent organic pollutants (POPs); two of them, 7, 12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene (DMBA) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), are among the most widely studied carcinogenic PAHs for their negative impact on the environment, human and animal health.…”