Air plasma-induced carbon fluoride enabling active C F bonds for double-high energy/power densities of Li/CFx primary battery

Electroplated Silver-Modified CFx Cathode for Lithium Primary Batteries with High Rate Capability

“…In the high-resolution C 1s spectrum of the CF x pristine powder (Figure S5a), the five consecutive peaks located at 291.3, 289.3, 287.9, 286.3, and 284.8 eV represent the characteristic peaks of −CF 2 bonds, covalent C–F bonds, semi-ionic C–F bonds, sp 3 C–C bonds and sp 2 CC bonds, respectively. , The presence of sp 2 CC bonds is consistent with the TEM images and FTIR spectra. In addition to the covalent C–F bonds in different forms, semi-ionic C–F bonds are usually formed in CF x compounds with relatively low degrees of fluorination; these bonds are prone to dissociation and are affected by Li + during the discharge process owing to their lower binding energy than covalent C–F bonds. ,, The corresponding high-resolution F 1s spectrum of the CF x pristine powder (Figure S5b) shows three peaks at 689.8, 688.8, and 687.7 eV, which are assigned to the fluorinated species in the perfluorinated, covalent (CF) n , and semi-ionic (C x F) n configurations, respectively. , After preparing the pristine powder into the electrode, the high-resolution C 1s spectrum of the CF x cathode (Figure S6a) showed five peaks similar to the pristine powder, but the peak strength and width varied. The changes in the sp 3 C–C bonds and sp 2 CC bonds peaks are caused by the addition of Super P conductive agent, while the changes in the −CF 2 bonds and covalent C–F bonds peaks are caused by the addition of PVDF binder.…”

“…In addition to the covalent C−F bonds in different forms, semi-ionic C−F bonds are usually formed in CF x compounds with relatively low degrees of fluorination; these bonds are prone to dissociation and are affected by Li + during the discharge process owing to their lower binding energy than covalent C−F bonds. 16,47,48 The corresponding high-resolution F 1s spectrum of the CF x pristine powder (Figure S5b) shows three peaks at 689.8, 688.8, and 687.7 eV, which are assigned to the fluorinated species in the perfluorinated, covalent (CF) n , and semi-ionic (C x F) n configurations, respectively. 43,49 After preparing the pristine powder into the electrode, the high-resolution C 1s spectrum of the CF x cathode (Figure S6a) showed five peaks similar to the pristine powder, but the peak strength and width varied.…”

Well‐dispersed FeOCl Nanosheets as High‐performance Chloride Ion Battery Cathode Material

“…The FeOCl-1-40-NaCl and FeOCl-1-10-NaCl cathodes show the higher slope at a low frequency of indicating an improved chloride ion diffusion ability by forming a conductive network in the electrode. [15] The higher value of the charge transfer resistance (Rct) for FeOCl cathode probably may due to the clustered particles (Figure S5). Profiting from the welldispersed FeOCl nanosheets (Figure 3f) and the samller capacity, the capacity retention of FeOCl-1-10-NaCl cathode was 80 % after 50 cycles.…”

Fundamentals of Li/CFxbattery design and application

“…12e-g). 176 3.3.3 Surface modification. Surface modification increases the conductivity of CF x materials by modifying their surface composition or structure.…”