Air Motion Induced by Ultra-High Injection Pressure Sprays for Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Yamaguchi, Akichika; Koopmans, Lucien; Helmantel, Ayolt; Dillner, Johan; Dahlander, Petter

doi:10.4271/04-13-03-0014

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Other than the Spray G injector from ECN, several researchers across the globe are working on the other available gasoline direct injection systems. The following literature are a few to mention (Schmitz et al, 2002;Zigan et al, 2011;Badawy et al, 2018;Robin et al, 2018;Gong et al, 2019;Yamaguchi et al, 2019Yamaguchi et al, , 2020Li et al, 2020;Ji et al, 2021;Miller et al, 2021;Pratama et al, 2022). Most of the aforementioned literature did not explore the effects of breakup model constants as well as the turbulence model in the context of GDI spray.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Modeling of Spray G ECN Using ROI-Based Eulerian-Lagrangian Simulation

Ailaboina

Saha

2022

Front. Mech. Eng.

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A numerical study has been carried out to understand the effects of Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (standard k ― ε and RNG k ― ε model) and large eddy simulations (LES) on a multi-hole gasoline direct injection (GDI) system. The fuel injector considered in this study is the Spray G nozzle from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN). A blob injection model, based on empirical rate of injection (ROI) profile, is considered in this study. The latest data on spray penetrations from Engine Combustion Network is used for model validation along with experimental findings on suction velocity and local droplet diameter. The spray breakup is simulated by using the KH-RT breakup length model. The turbulence model constant Cε1, is tuned to match with the experimental data of liquid and vapor penetrations in simulations while using the standard k-ε turbulence model. On the other hand, the Kelvin-Helmholtz breakup model time constant (B1) and Rayleigh Taylor breakup length constant (Cbl) are tuned for the RNG k ― ε turbulence model. From this work it is observed that by increasing the breakup length model constants (Cbl), the radial dispersion of the spray increases, and the extent of breakup is lowered. The set of optimized model parameters used with RNG k - ε is also used for LES modeling studies with different sub-grid models. The spray penetrations with standard k ― ε turbulence (Cε1=1.44) model are reported underpredicting, and the RNG k ― ε and LES sub-grid models predicted well with the latest and recommended data from ECN. In terms of gas axial velocity comparison, the standard k-ε(Cε1=1.44) simulation setup does not perform as well as the simulation setups using RNG k-ε and LES turbulence models (with breakup parameters: Cbl = 16 and B1 = 32). However, the standard k-ε(Cε1=1.44) simulation setup perform better than the simulation setups using RNG k-ε and LES turbulence models (with breakup parameters: Cbl = 16 and B1 = 32) when it comes to predicting local droplet diameter at 15 mm downstream of the injector tip. A parametric study is also performed considering the geometry of the stepped holes in the computational domain. The rate of injection based simulation is initiated at the end of the smaller hole. The case including the stepped holes led to over-prediction compared to the case with the usual computational domain (i.e., without the stepped holes), in terms of spray penetrations, but exhibited higher levels of fluctuations in the spray morphology. Finally, parametric studies were carried out to understand the relative importance of the individual spray sub-models (breakup, evaporation and collision) and the results are conclusive that for a spray simulation the breakup models are the dominant factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Modeling of Spray G ECN Using ROI-Based Eulerian-Lagrangian Simulation

Ailaboina

Saha

2022

Front. Mech. Eng.

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A Reduced Kinetics Model for the Oxidation of Transcritical/Supercritical Gasoline Surrogate/Ethanol Mixtures Using Real Gas State Equations

Plácido,

Alviso,

Gonçalves dos Santos

2024

Combustion Science and Technology

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Ultra-High Fuel Pressure in GDI to Suppress Particulate Formation during Warming-Up and Load Transients

Yamaguchi¹,

Dillner²,

Helmantel³

et al. 2023

SAE Technical Paper Series

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study investigates if particulates from a GDI engine can be significantly suppressed by use of ultra-high injection pressures under 2 different engine conditions known to be associated with high particulate numbers (PN): warm-up and transients. Experiments were carried out in a single-cylinder GDI engine equipped with an endoscope connected to a high-speed camera to enable combustion visualization. To mimic the warming-up, the coolant temperature was varied between 20 °C and 90 °C. A Diesel injector with modified nozzle was used and the injection pressures were varied between 400 and 1500 bar.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The results revealed that increasing the fuel injection pressure decreased engine out HC and PN under warming-up conditions. However, the coolant water temperature was the most dominant factor affecting the emissions. For coolant temperature of 20 °C, the use of 1500 bar fuel injection pressure in comparison to lower fuel pressures resulted in significantly lower PN.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The simplified load transients were studied with motoring followed by combustion. The results revealed that increasing the fuel pressure significantly suppressed the occurrence of luminosity from soot. After ca 40 combustion cycles, the luminosity had decreased significantly due to increased combustion surface temperatures and the decrease was more significant when the fuel pressure was increased. Overall, the results suggested that an increased fuel injection pressure is beneficial under warming-up and simplified load transient conditions as well as under hot conditions.</div></div>

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Air Motion Induced by Ultra-High Injection Pressure Sprays for Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

On Modeling of Spray G ECN Using ROI-Based Eulerian-Lagrangian Simulation

On Modeling of Spray G ECN Using ROI-Based Eulerian-Lagrangian Simulation

A Reduced Kinetics Model for the Oxidation of Transcritical/Supercritical Gasoline Surrogate/Ethanol Mixtures Using Real Gas State Equations

Ultra-High Fuel Pressure in GDI to Suppress Particulate Formation during Warming-Up and Load Transients

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