Air conditioning and electricity expenditure: The role of climate in temperate countries

Randazzo, Teresa; Cian, Enrica De; Mistry, Malcolm

doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2020.05.001

Cited by 106 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…EP is a major public health problem in the European Union (EU), affecting 9% of the population in 2016 [5]. EP is gaining increasing academic and policy attention in southern European countries because its rates are above the EU average (32.6% in Greece, 24.8% in Portugal or 13.4% in Spain in 2016) [5] and because of the emerging need for space cooling to adapt to climate change and increasingly high temperatures [6]. In Barcelona, for example, 12.4% of the population cannot afford to maintain their dwellings at an adequate temperature during the cold and/or warm months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Energy Poverty with Health and Wellbeing in Children in a Mediterranean City

Oliveras

Borrell

González-Pijuan

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Children have been identified as being particularly vulnerable to energy poverty (EP), but little empirical research has addressed the effect of EP on children’s health and wellbeing, especially in southern Europe. In this work we aimed to provide an in-depth description of the distribution of EP by sociodemographic, socioeconomic and housing characteristics, as well as to analyse the association between EP and health and wellbeing in children in Barcelona. We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the Barcelona Health Survey for 2016 (n = 481 children under 15 years). We analysed the association between EP and health outcomes through prevalence differences and prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI), using Poisson regression models with robust variance. In Barcelona, 10.6% of children were living in EP and large inequalities were found by sociodemographic, socioeconomic and housing characteristics. EP was strongly associated with poor health in children (PR (95% CI): 7.70 (2.86, 20.72)). Living in EP was also associated with poor mental health (PR (95% CI): 2.46 (1.21, 4.99)) and with more cases of asthma (PR (95% CI): 4.19 (1.47, 11.90)) and overweight (PR (95% CI): 1.50 (1.05, 2.15)) in children. It is urgent to develop specific measures to avoid such serious and unfair health effects on children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Energy Poverty with Health and Wellbeing in Children in a Mediterranean City

Oliveras

Borrell

González-Pijuan

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…However, other relevant factors, such as equipment efficiency, population size, AC appliance ownership, and building characteristics such as building materials, envelope and type, [2] also influence the energy demand for space cooling. A growing number of studies have been directed toward the use of CDD combined with other approaches to provide energy-related results [18,22,23]. Bottom-up models, or buildings detailed simulation models, are largely used for single country analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of a warmer world on space cooling demand in Brazilian households

Bezerra

Silva

Cruz

et al. 2021

Energy and Buildings

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Air Conditioning (AC) appliances are a highly effective adaptation strategy to rising temperatures, thus making future climate conditions an important driver of space cooling energy demand. The main goal of this study is to assess the impacts of climate change on Cooling Degree Days computed with wetbulb temperature (CDD wb ) and household space cooling demand in Brazil. We compare the needs under three specific warming levels (SWLs) scenarios (1.5°C, 2°C and 4°C) to a baseline with historically observed meteorological parameters by combining CDD wb projections with an end-use model to evaluate the energy requirements of air conditioning. The effects of the climate change were isolated, and no future expansion in AC ownership considered. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions associated with AC energy demand are also calculated. Results show an increase in both average CDD wb and AC electricity consumption for the global warming scenarios in all Brazilian regions. The Northern region shows the highest increase in CDD wb (187% in CDD wb for SWL 4°C), while the Southeast presents the highest AC energy consumption response (326% in the AC energy consumption for SWL 4°C) compared to the baseline. At the national level, CDD wb and the AC energy consumption in all SWLs scenarios grow by 70%, 99% and 190%, respectively.

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“…the elderly), requiring sizable investments for adaptation (Carleton et al, 2020) and an increase in energy expenditure to achieve a standard thermal comfort. The IEA (2018) estimates that energy demand for cooling services will drive future electricity demand, while Randazzo et al (2020) find that households adapt to hotter spells installing AC systems and spending between 35 per cent and 42 per cent more on electricity. Indeed, climate change is already affecting energy demand; IEA (2019) estimates that one-fifth of the growth in global energy use in 2018 was due to hotter summers, pushing up demand for cooling and cold snaps leading to higher heating needs, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Households' Energy Demand and the Effects of Carbon Pricing in Italy

Faiella

Lavecchia

2021

SSRN Journal

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This paper proposes a novel methodology to estimate the demand and elasticity of electricity, heating, and private transport fuels by aligning the microdata of the Italian Household Budget Survey with several external sources. These estimates are used to evaluate the effects of a set of one-off carbon taxes on energy demand and expenditure. According to our simulations, the increase in energy prices prompted by carbon taxation would decrease energy demand. Our simulations suggest that the effects of carbon taxation are generally regressive: expenditure would increase more for poorer households while their energy demand is compressed. The carbon tax could achieve a significant decrease in GHG emissions and raise revenues, which could be recycled to compensate vulnerable households or reinvested to support the energy transition.

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Air conditioning and electricity expenditure: The role of climate in temperate countries

Cited by 106 publications

References 43 publications

The Association of Energy Poverty with Health and Wellbeing in Children in a Mediterranean City

The Association of Energy Poverty with Health and Wellbeing in Children in a Mediterranean City

Impacts of a warmer world on space cooling demand in Brazilian households

Households' Energy Demand and the Effects of Carbon Pricing in Italy

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