AIN‐93 Diet as an Alternative Model to Lieber–DeCarli Diet for Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Background: The Lieber-DeCarli alcoholic liquid diet is a classical method for establishing animal models of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). No study has reported whether the AIN-93 diet, which is widely used as a standard diet for both long-term and short-term studies with laboratory animals, could be used to construct the ACM animal model. The present study intended to investigate whether the AIN-93 diet could be used to establish a mouse ACM model.Methods: Twenty-four C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into 4 equally sized groups. In ethanol (EtOH)-fed groups, mice were fed a 4%-EtOH (w/v, 28% of total calories) alcoholic liquid diet of Lieber-DeCarli or the AIN-93 diet for chronic alcohol exposure for 180 days. In control-fed groups, mice were fed with non-EtOH liquid diets with the same calories as EtOH-fed groups. Morphological observations of the hearts and molecular investigation of the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were carried out by echocardiography, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Echocardiography showed that mice fed with either the 4%-EtOH Lieber-DeCarli diet or the 4%-EtOH AIN-93 diet had dilated ventricles and poor cardiac function. IHC staining of BNP, qPCR of BNP mRNA, and plasma concentration of BNP showed an up-regulated expression in mice fed with both the 4%-EtOH Lieber-DeCarli and 4%-EtOH AIN-93 diets. Less fatty liver was also observed in mice fed the AIN-93 alcoholic diet than those fed the Lieber-DeCarli alcoholic diet.Conclusions: The AIN-93 alcoholic liquid diet can be used to establish ACM animal models, as with the conventional Lieber-DeCarli alcoholic liquid diet.

A Pilot Metabolomic Study on Myocardial Injury Caused by Chronic Alcohol Consumption—Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy

“…Increased serum BNP levels and myocardial BNP mRNA expression in ACM mice verified decreased cardiac function. Individual differences in different batches of animals may lead to the discrepancies in some of the parameters of echocardiography, serum BNP levels, and BNP mRNA of myocardium compared to our previous report [1]. Despite all this, based on the results of echocardiography, histology, serum BNP levels, and BNP mRNA in myocardium, we can conclude that the ACM model was successfully established in the present study, which is the basis for further myocardial metabolomics study.…”

“…These animals were randomized into control and ACM groups (n = 15 each) and accommodated in a facility with climate-controlled property within a dark/light 12 h cycle (3 mice per cage). The animal model used in this study was established as in previous studies [1]. Briefly, mice were acclimated to the alcoholic liquid diet via a gradient approach over a 1-week period based on provided instructions.…”

“…A Vevo 2100 System with a mouse transducer of about 40 MHz (Visual Sonics, Toronto, ON, Canada) was used to conduct echocardiographic analyses as described previously [1]. Briefly, mice were anesthetized with a mixture of 100% O 2 containing 1.5% isoflurane (flow rate 0.2 L/min) delivered via mask.…”

“…With the development of the social economy, increased alcohol consumption has led to serious problems worldwide [1]. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM), the most common form of myocardial injury caused by chronic alcohol consumption, manifests as a progressive decrease in myocardial contractility and ventricular dilatation, leading to heart failure and arrhythmia [2].…”

Aerobic exercise attenuates the effects of ovariectomy and sedentarism on body composition and food intake in female rats

“…The animals were housed in individual cages for 8 weeks, kept in an environment at a temperature of 22±2ºC, relative humidity of about 60%, and a photoperiod of 12 hours, in addition to receiving daily 18 to 20g of AIN-93M diet and deionized water ad libitum [22]. The animals were obtained from the vivarium of the Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG (Brazil), and the experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Veterinary Department of UFV MG (Opinion No.…”