AI-Aided Integrated Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial 6G Solutions for Sustainable Maritime Networking

Saafi, Salwa; Vikhrova, Olga; Fodor, Gábor; Hošek, Jiří; Andreev, Sergey

doi:10.1109/mnet.104.2100351

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Additionally, their elevated positioning above the ground enhances radio link quality, reducing signal attenuation and interference from terrestrial obstacles. In essence as shown in Figure 1 , the integration of terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks provides a 3D strategy for network coverage, paving the way for seamless and reliable services in remote areas, high-altitude locations, and deep-sea environments [ 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Non-terrestrial Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Terrestrial Networks for Energy-Efficient Connectivity of Remote IoT Devices in the 6G Era: A Survey

Plastras,

Tsoumatidis,

Skoutas

et al. 2024

Sensors

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining popularity and market share, driven by its ability to connect devices and systems that were previously siloed, enabling new applications and services in a cost-efficient manner. Thus, the IoT fuels societal transformation and enables groundbreaking innovations like autonomous transport, robotic assistance, and remote healthcare solutions. However, when considering the Internet of Remote Things (IoRT), which refers to the expansion of IoT in remote and geographically isolated areas where neither terrestrial nor cellular networks are available, internet connectivity becomes a challenging issue. Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) are increasingly gaining popularity as a solution to provide connectivity in remote areas due to the growing integration of satellites and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with cellular networks. In this survey, we provide the technological framework for NTNs and Remote IoT, followed by a classification of the most recent scientific research on NTN-based IoRT systems. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in IoRT and identify emerging research areas with high potential. In conclusion, we present and discuss 3GPP’s roadmap for NTN standardization, which aims to establish an energy-efficient IoRT environment in the 6G era.

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Section: Non-terrestrial Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Terrestrial Networks for Energy-Efficient Connectivity of Remote IoT Devices in the 6G Era: A Survey

Plastras,

Tsoumatidis,

Skoutas

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…How to extend O-RAN-based IAB and self-backhaul optimization to the NTN domain is an open challenge [150]. Here future research efforts intersect with the discussions on support for NTN in the cellular architecture [151,152], including (i) evaluations of different splits for the gNBs and IAB systems (i.e., on whether the satellite is a physical layer relay or if it comes with the higher layers of the stack); (ii) mobility and handover management across the terrestrial and the NTN domain; and (iii) network topology and architectures for the NTN component, which could be served by a variety of non-terrestrial devices including satellites in different orbits, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), baloons, among others. In this context, the intelligent control, the openness, and the softwarization brought by the Open RAN can enable dynamic optimization of the resources and of the topology tree, thus it will be important to manage the mobility and dynamics associated to the NTN systems.…”

Section: A Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empowering the 6G Cellular Architecture With Open RAN

Polese,

Dohler,

Dressler

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

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Innovation and standardization in 5G have brought advancements to every facet of the cellular architecture. This ranges from the introduction of new frequency bands and signaling technologies for the radio access network (RAN), to a core network underpinned by micro-services and network function virtualization (NFV). However, like any emerging technology, the pace of real-world deployments does not instantly match the pace of innovation. To address this discrepancy, one of the key aspects under continuous development is the RAN with the aim of making it more open, adaptive, functional, and easy to manage.In this paper, we highlight the transformative potential of embracing novel cellular architectures by transitioning from conventional systems to the progressive principles of Open RAN. This promises to make 6G networks more agile, cost-effective, energy-efficient, and resilient. It opens up a plethora of novel use cases, ranging from ubiquitous support for autonomous devices to cost-effective expansions in regions previously underserved. The principles of Open RAN encompass: (i) a disaggregated architecture with modular and standardized interfaces; (ii) cloudification, programmability and orchestration; and (iii) AIenabled data-centric closed-loop control and automation. We first discuss the transformative role Open RAN principles have played in the 5G era. Then, we adopt a system-level approach and describe how these Open RAN principles will support 6G RAN and architecture innovation. We qualitatively discuss potential performance gains that Open RAN principles yield for specific 6G use cases. For each principle, we outline the steps that research, development and standardization communities ought to take to make Open RAN principles central to next-generation cellular network designs.

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“…Terrestrial technologies, such as mmWave, m-MIMO, and beamforming, use the Earth’s surface to transmit and receive signals. In contrast, non-terrestrial technologies, such as satellites, use the atmosphere or space to do so [ 56 ]. Those technologies will allow 6G networks to provide global coverage, high data rates, and low latency [ 57 ].…”

Section: 6g Visions and Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Technologies for 6G Communication Networks: Machine Learning Approaches

Puspitasari,

An,

Alsharif

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The fifth generation achieved tremendous success, which brings high hopes for the next generation, as evidenced by the sixth generation (6G) key performance indicators, which include ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC), extremely high data rate, high energy and spectral efficiency, ultra-dense connectivity, integrated sensing and communication, and secure communication. Emerging technologies such as intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and others have the ability to provide communications for massive users, high overhead, and computational complexity. This will address concerns over the outrageous 6G requirements. However, optimizing system functionality with these new technologies was found to be hard for conventional mathematical solutions. Therefore, using the ML algorithm and its derivatives could be the right solution. The present study aims to offer a thorough and organized overview of the various machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms concerning the emerging 6G technologies. This study is motivated by the fact that there is a lack of research on the significance of these algorithms in this specific context. This study examines the potential of ML algorithms and their derivatives in optimizing emerging technologies to align with the visions and requirements of the 6G network. It is crucial in ushering in a new era of communication marked by substantial advancements and requires grand improvement. This study highlights potential challenges for wireless communications in 6G networks and suggests insights into possible ML algorithms and their derivatives as possible solutions. Finally, the survey concludes that integrating Ml algorithms and emerging technologies will play a vital role in developing 6G networks.

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AI-Aided Integrated Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial 6G Solutions for Sustainable Maritime Networking

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Non-Terrestrial Networks for Energy-Efficient Connectivity of Remote IoT Devices in the 6G Era: A Survey

Non-Terrestrial Networks for Energy-Efficient Connectivity of Remote IoT Devices in the 6G Era: A Survey

Empowering the 6G Cellular Architecture With Open RAN

Emerging Technologies for 6G Communication Networks: Machine Learning Approaches

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