AGT M235T Genotype/Anxiety Interaction and Gender in the HyperGEN Study

Abstract

BackgroundBoth anxiety and elevated heart rate (HR) have been implicated in the development of hypertension. The HyperGen cohort, consisting of siblings with severe and mild hypertension, an age-matched random sample of persons from the same base populations, and unmedicated adult offspring of the hypertensive siblings (N = 1,002 men and 987 women), was analyzed for an association of the angiotenisinogen AGTM235T genotype (TT, MT, MM) with an endophenotype, heart rate (HR) in high and low anxious groups.MethodologyThe interaction of AGTM genotype with anxiety, which has been independently associated with hypertension, was investigated adjusting for age, hypertension status, smoking, alcohol consumption, beta blocker medication, body mass index, physical activity and hours of television viewing (sedentary life style).Principal FindingsAlthough there was no main effect of genotype on HR in men or women, high anxious men with the TT genotype had high HR, whereas high anxious men with the MM genotype had low HR. In women, HR was inversely associated with anxiety but there was no interaction with genotype.Conclusion/SignificanceThe results suggest that high anxiety in men with the TT genotype may increase risk for hypertension whereas the MM genotype may be protective in high anxious men. This type of gene x environment interaction may be one reason why genome wide association studies sometimes fail to replicate. The locus may be important only in combination with certain environmental factors.

PCSK9 variation and association with blood pressure in African Americans: preliminary findings from the HyperGEN and REGARDS studies

“…Six consecutive BP measurements were made during the study visit, three on the left and three on the right arm. The participants rested for 5 min before measurement and for 30 s between measurements (Knox et al, 2010 ). An average sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was calculated based on the second and third measurements in the second arm.…”

Is trait anxiety associated with improving fitness?

“…Also, VO2max training response (%) was computed for the g-PAT. Since it has been shown that the major determinants of the VO2max training responses are their own baseline values (genetic influences) 14 and that trait anxiety is a risk factor related to cardiovascular diseases, 23,35 an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to confirm the effectiveness of PAT and the contribution of covariates on the improvement participants' VO2max. The independent variable was the experimental training program (g-PAT and g-CON) and the dependent variable consisted of values on VO2max training response.…”

Συσχέτιση Πολυμορφισμών Γονιδίων Που Επηρεάζουν Την Αρτηριακή Πίεση Και Επίδραση Της Φαρμακευτικής Αγωγής Με Ραμιπρίλη Στον Ελληνικό Πληθυσμό

“…επιβεβαιώθηκαν και σε μελέτη με Αιγυπτιακό πληθυσμό. Η παρουσία του αλληλίου Τ, του Μ235Τ, σε ετεροζυγωτία ή ομοζυγωτία αύξανε τον κίνδυνο εμφάνισης ιδιοπαθούς υπέρτασης133 .Μια μελέτη έδειξε ότι οι πολύ αγχώδεις άνδρες που είχαν το γονότυπο ΤΤ, είχαν αυξημένο κίνδυνο εμφάνισης υψηλής αρτηριακής πίεσης, ενώ ο γονότυπος ΜΜ φαινόταν να είναι προστατευτικός134 .Με τον πολυμορφισμό Μ235Τ σχετίστηκαν οι μεταβολές στη διαστολική αρτηριακή πίεση, κατά τη διάρκεια εξάσκησης κάτω από το μέγιστο δυνατό επίπεδο έντασης σε υγιείς. Οι συμμετέχοντες που έφεραν το γονότυπο ΤΤ δεν είχαν αύξηση της διαστολικής αρτηριακής πίεσης σε σχέση με τους άλλους δύο γονοτύπους ΜΜ και ΜΤ, για τους οποίους καταγράφηκαν αυξήσεις135 .…”