AGS Sextupole Error Part II

Hutchinson, Lieutenant-General W. N.; Glenn, William E.

doi:10.2172/1061751

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Elevated concentrations of ClO 4 – have been detected in various groundwater sources, related to the release of ammonium ClO 4 – by military operations, the aerospace industry, and among others. Perchlorate in Colorado River water has been related to ClO 4 – contamination by the ClO 4 – salt manufacturing plant previously located near the Las Vegas wash in Nevada. ,− The fresh vegetable industry relies on Colorado River water for irrigation in the lower Colorado River regions of California and Arizona. Use of Colorado River water thus caused elevated ClO 4 – concentrations in vegetables. , More recently, installation of a treatment plant on Las Vegas wash has subsequently reduced the ClO 4 – concentration of the Colorado River…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perchlorate Uptake in Spinach As Related to Perchlorate, Nitrate, And Chloride Concentrations in Irrigation Water

Suarez

Lesch

2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Several studies have reported on the detection of perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) in edible leafy vegetables irrigated with Colorado River water. However, there is no information on spinach as related to ClO(4)(-) in irrigation water nor on the effect of other anions on ClO(4)(-) uptake. A greenhouse ClO(4)(-) uptake experiment using spinach was conducted to investigate the impact of presence of chloride (Cl(-)) and nitrate (NO(3)(-)) on ClO(4)(-) uptake under controlled conditions. We examined three concentrations of ClO(4)(-), 40, 220, and 400 nmol(c)/L (nanomoles of charge per liter of solution), three concentrations of Cl(-), 2.5, 13.75, and 25 mmol(c)/L, and NO(3)(-) at 2, 11, and 20 mmol(c)/L. The results revealed that ClO(4)(-) was taken up the most when NO(3)(-) and Cl(-) were lowest in concentration in irrigation water. More ClO(4)(-) was detected in spinach leaves than that in the root tissue. Relative to lettuces, spinach accumulated more ClO(4)(-) in the plant tissue. Perchlorate was accumulated in spinach leaves more than reported for outer leaves of lettuce at 40 nmol(c)/L of ClO(4)(-) in irrigation water. The results also provided evidence that spinach selectively took up ClO(4)(-) relative to Cl(-). We developed a predictive model to describe the ClO(4)(-) concentration in spinach as related to the Cl(-), NO(3)(-), and ClO(4)(-) concentration in irrigation water.

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