“…Basic needs, gender relations, and environmental sustainability all emerged in this way and eventually became more popular and were absorbed into diverse discourses. Importantly, most of these more holistic approaches preceded the development 'impasse' of the mid-1980s and the popularisation of poststructural perspectives, among which the jargon of empowerment and participation has become central (e.g., Friedmann and Douglas, 1978;Stfhr and Taylor, 1981;Redclift, 1987;Wisner, 1987;Friedmann, 1992;Ghai and Vivian, 1992;Norgaard, 1994).…”