Agronomical management influence on the spatiotemporal progress of strawberry dry wilt in Michoacan, Mexico

Background: Black root rot is a complex disease caused by one or more of fungal pathogens especially Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani. It is a serious, yield-limiting disease of strawberry plants. A considerable incidence of black root rot has been observed in recent years in Egypt. Materials/methods: Evaluation of silicon as well as potassium, sodium, and calcium silicates against black root rot and induced pathogenesis-related (PR) protein under field conditions was investigated herein. Four concentrations, i.e., 0, 2, 4, and 6 g/l of silicon, potassium, sodium, and calcium silicates, were tested to study their effect on growth of strawberry black root fungi (F. solani and R. solani) under laboratory and field conditions. Results: Complete inhibition of fungal linear growth was observed with 4 and 6 g/l for R. solani and F. solani, respectively, in the laboratory. Under field conditions, all tested concentrations significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity. The highest reduction of such disease incidence and severity was obtained with potassium silicate and calcium silicate applied separately as soil treatment combined with foliar sprays which reduced the disease incidence and severity by 92.7 and 91.9, and 91.7 and 91.1%, respectively. The highest yield increase, i.e., 77.1 and 72.8%, was obtained with potassium silicate and calcium silicate, respectively, applied as soil treatment + foliar spray. Results indicated that 8 to 12 new protein patterns (bands) appeared in the tested treatments. Conclusions: No-standalone management measure is perfectly effective against the black root-rot complex. Thus, an integrated management including tactful cultural practices and applying foliar and soil inputs, e.g., silicon salts reported herein, can effectively control the disease and enhance strawberry yield.

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Local Trichoderma strains as a control strategy of complex black root rot disease of strawberry in Egypt

Abd-El-Kareem

Elshahawy

Abd-Elgawad

2019

Bull Natl Res Cent

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Background Economics and human safety to avoid health risks caused by fungicides are materializing new era of biological pest control. Trichoderma species ranked high among other agents to control complex black root rot disease of strawberry caused by Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium sp. Our study aimed to document the efficacy of local strains representing T. harzianum, T. viride, T. virinis, and T. koningii against such a disease. Materials/methods These strains were cultured separately on potato dextrose broth medium to test their inhibitory effect against strawberry black root rot in vitro and in vivo. Strawberry growth and yield were also assessed relative to the untreated check and the fungicide Actamyl. Activity of peroxidase and chitinase were measured in plant leaves using spectrophotometer. Results Each of the antagonistic fungal strains significantly reduced growth area of all pathogenic fungi collectively causing the disease. Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, and T. koningii reduced the growth area more than 90.6% for all tested pathogenic fungi. Each species significantly reduced disease incidence and severity under field conditions. The highest reduction in the disease incidence and severity, 83.3 and 88.5% respectively, was attained by mixture of the four species. This mixture increased the strawberry fresh and dry weight by 83.3 and 176.9%, respectively, and the yield by 117.1%. All Trichoderma species tested significantly increased the activity of two plant defense-related enzymes of strawberry plants against the pathogens. Their mixture attained the highest increase of peroxidase and chitinase activity by 150 and 160.9%, respectively. Conclusions While the fungal mixture could considerably increase the strawberry fresh and dry weight as well as the yield, it suppressed the incidence and severity of the disease. So, integrated pest management in ways that make these biocontrol agents complementary or superior to chemical fungicides should further be examined against this disease.

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Agronomical management influence on the spatiotemporal progress of strawberry dry wilt in Michoacan, Mexico

Abstract: The spatiotemporal distribution of strawberry wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora sp., Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia fragariae, was studied with the aim to establish the effect of some technological components of the strawberry crop cv. Camarosa

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Management of Fusarium wilt of strawberry

Management of Fusarium wilt of strawberry

Effectiveness of silicon and silicate salts for controlling black root rot and induced pathogenesis-related protein of strawberry plants

Local Trichoderma strains as a control strategy of complex black root rot disease of strawberry in Egypt

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