Agrobiological and technological methods of increase of erosion-preventive potential of soils in crop rotation

Abstract

The analysis of the experimental data obtained in stationary field experiments in the conditions of northern Steppe in the estimation of erosion-preventive resistance of various biotechnological systems is given. The main factors of the erosion-preventive regulation were 5-field grain-row crop rotation, different methods of base cultivation of soil and direct sowing, as well as plant mulch as a protective screen on the field surface. In the research the new methods and characteristics of reaction of the soil on the displays of water erosion which include the methods of packet monolith, traps and water absorbtion capacity of soil are used. Such a scientific instrument has allowed to estimate objectively and promptly the level of erosive safety at all stages of organogenesis of agricultural crops and at pauses between vegetation. It has been experimentally established that the greatest threat of erosive degradation of soils in the agrotechnological aspect represent the phytocenotic density of crops, the activity of soil tillage implements, the absence of mulching screen, the tread condition of soil surface. It has been proved that the application of chisel disk cultivation of soil and No-till under spring barley and winter wheat in comparison with the most erosion-dangerous element-plowing in bare fallow reduces the displays of water erosion in 2,4-3,3 times. On sowings of row crops with an increased level of erosion threat, soil protective methods of basic cultivation can reduce soil washoff by 1,5-2,2 times. The mechanics of soil movement in the arable layer have been discovered, depending on the design of the tools of the soil-cultivating units. A mobile way of determining the depth of precipitation moisture infiltration by means of differentiation of the arable layer in accordance with soil hardness index is proposed. Priority of erosion-preventive agro-technological measures should be maintained despite the reduction of grain yield by 5-11% and the need for some modernization of farm crop growing technologies.

Localization of Cyclopropane Modifications in Bacterial Lipids via 213 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry

“…9 Phospholipids are the main component in cell membranes, constituting approximately half of the entire bacterial membrane mass, and they are highly diverse in both their structure and size, making them suitable targets for lipidomic evaluation. [10][11][12] Glycerophospholipids are composed of a hydrophilic headgroup containing a phosphate moiety, a glycerol backbone, and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails. The six major classes of glycerophospholipids are phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylinositol (PI), which all vary in their headgroup structure.…”

Generating Fatty Acid Profiles in the Gas Phase: Fatty Acid Identification and Relative Quantitation Using Ion/Ion Charge Inversion Chemistry

“…1, 393.2, 407.2, 433.2, 447.2, 455.3 Qualitative and quantitative analysis remains a challenge with shotgun lipidomics, as the innate complexity of the cellular lipidome gives rise to a multitude of both isomeric and isobaric lipid species. 14,53,54 Therefore, methods to quantify relative compositions of FA isomers are of interest. We approach this issue using multiple linear regression analysis with the library data in conjunction with data derived from mixtures.…”

CROP Rotation and Diversity Practices among Rural Farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

“…Crop rotation has been defined as the successive cultivation of different varieties of crops in a specified order on the same fields over a given period of time, in contrast to the cultivation of only one crop [5]. Park and Allaby [7] define it as the practice of planting different crops on the same area of land from year to year with the aim of improving the soil condition by controlling soil pests [8], controlling weeds [9], increasing the soil organic content [10], preventing erosion [11], increasing productivity and profitability [12], improving water and soil quality, decreasing nutrient loss [13], and improving soil health [14], among others. Crop rotation is, however, a very good practice that can ensure sustainable food production and can also fulfill an important function in lowering the carbon footprints of agronomic practices among farmers, particularly in developing countries and the world at large [15].…”