Agriculture in Capitalist Europe, 1945–1960

Martiin, Carin; Pan‐Montojo, Juan; Brassley, Paul

doi:10.4324/9781315465937

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Direct action to disrupt the food supply system included Germany declaring the waters around Britain a 'war zone' which both enemy and neutral vessels entered at their peril in February 1915; German U-boats targeting merchant ships in the Atlantic from 1916 and then declaring unrestricted warfare in 1917; and Britain conducting a merciless blockade of food stuffs to Germany and then to countries occupied by Germany which became steadily more effective as the war progressed. Additionally across Europe, the food production system was hit by labour shortages as men left the land to fight, either voluntarily or through conscription (144,145). With pre-war food supply routes disrupted, there was an intense pressure to increase indigenous food production, alongside an increased demand for US agricultural produce (146,147).…”

Section: The First World War: Energy Food and Transport And Mechanimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developments in nutritional understandings of food and their application also intensified (43), so too the application of new food preservation and packaging techniques making food lighter to transport. In the USA and UK agricultural output expanded and farmers experienced increased profits due to fixed prices (145,217,218). This contrasted significantly with continental Europe however.…”

Section: The Second World War Energy Food and Transport And Mechanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of War in Deep Transitions: Exploring Mechanisms, Imprints and Rules in Sociotechnical Systems

Johnstone

McLeish

2020

SSRN Journal

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This paper explores in what ways the two world wars influenced the development of sociotechnical systems underpinning the culmination of the first deep transition. The role of war is an underexplored aspect in both the Techno-Economic Paradigms (TEP) approach and the Multi-level perspective (MLP) which form the two key conceptual building blocks of the Deep Transitions (DT) framework. Thus, we develop a conceptual approach tailored to this particular topic which integrates accounts of total war and mechanisms of war from historical studies and imprinting from organisational studies with the DT framework's attention towards rules and metarules. We explore in what ways the three sociotechnical systems of energy, food, and transport were affected by the emergence of new demand pressures and logistical challenges during conditions of total war; how war impacted the directionality of sociotechnical systems; the extent to which new national and international policy capacities emerged during wartime in the energy, food, and transport systems; and the extent to which these systems were influenced by cooperation and shared sacrifice under wartime conditions. We then explore what lasting changes were influenced by the two wars in the energy, food, and transport systems across the transatlantic zone. This paper seeks to open up a hitherto neglected area in analysis on sociotechnical transitions and we discuss the importance of further research that is attentive towards entanglements of warfare and the military particularly in the field of sustainability transitions.

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Section: The First World War: Energy Food and Transport And Mechanimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Second World War Energy Food and Transport And Mechanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of War in Deep Transitions: Exploring Mechanisms, Imprints and Rules in Sociotechnical Systems

Johnstone

McLeish

2020

SSRN Journal

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“…Rapport 1984, Bruxelles, Office dess publications officielles des Comunautés européennes, 1985. 10 Sobre la evolución de la PAC: Blumann (2011); Bureau y Thoyer, (2014); Martin et al (2016).…”

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Michel Rocard y el debate agrícola de la adhesión de España a la CEE, 1983-1985

García

2021

Hist. Polít. Ideas, Procesos Mov. Soc.

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Michel Rocard ha sido uno de los políticos socialistas franceses más conocidos de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Gran parte de la opinión pública lo recuerda como primer ministro (1988-‍1991) y como ideólogo de la segunda izquierda. Sin embargo, sus labores como ministro de Agricultura (1983-‍1985) apenas son recordadas, pese a que contribuyó al desarrollo del sector agrario francés y europeo. Por una parte, logró desbloquear la PAC y, por otra, contribuyó a la integración española en la CEE. En este artículo, a partir de fuentes primarias e inéditas, se analizará el papel que desempeñó Michel Rocard en las negociaciones para la adhesión española al Mercado Común. Esta investigación permitirá comprender la complejidad de las negociaciones comunitarias y el gran número de factores que intervinieron en la entrada de España a la CEE.

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The Very Grounds Underlying Twentieth-Century Authoritarian Regimes: Building Soil Fertility in Italian Libya and the Brazilian Cerrado

Biasillo

Silva

2021

Comp Stud Soc Hist

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This article analyzes the role of soil in the making of authoritarian regimes and illustrates twentieth-century practices and discourses related to fertility across the globe. It compares two different approaches to and understandings of soil fertility: the first emerged in North Libya under Italian Fascist rule (1922–1943), the second in Central Brazil during the civil-military dictatorship (1964–1985). We compare two soil-forming processes that changed physical and chemical properties of the original matter and were embedded within specific ideologies of modernization. In both cases, state agendas of agrarian production played a paramount role not only in socioeconomic projects but also as an instrument to suppress opposition. Technocratic and political aspects of building and maintaining fertility were interwoven, although in different patterns in the two countries. We show how the rejuvenation of land bled into the regeneration of communities through processes that anchored the self-definition and development of these authoritarian regimes, and argue that attempts at landscape transformations through agricultural activity and strategies of fertilization are inescapable features of dictatorships. In so doing, we elaborate the concept of “authoritarian soil.” The juxtaposition of these non-synchronous cases reveals how agricultural modernization developed throughout the twentieth century. Our study is rooted in environmental history and contributes to the ongoing dialogue between that field and science and technology studies. Its cross-temporal, comparative methodology draws upon sources and historiographical debates in English, Italian, and Portuguese.

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Agriculture in Capitalist Europe, 1945–1960

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

The Role of War in Deep Transitions: Exploring Mechanisms, Imprints and Rules in Sociotechnical Systems

The Role of War in Deep Transitions: Exploring Mechanisms, Imprints and Rules in Sociotechnical Systems

Michel Rocard y el debate agrícola de la adhesión de España a la CEE, 1983-1985

The Very Grounds Underlying Twentieth-Century Authoritarian Regimes: Building Soil Fertility in Italian Libya and the Brazilian Cerrado

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