Agriculture development and CO2 emissions nexus in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The agriculture sector may help to improve the environment of any country. The purpose of this research is to test the existence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis while keeping the energy consumption and agriculture share in income into account and analyze their effects on the CO2 emissions per capita of Saudi Arabia. We test both symmetrical, asymmetrical and quadratic effects of agriculture sector on the CO2 emissions. An inverted U-shaped relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and CO2 emissions per capita is found. Hence, EKC hypothesis is validated with a turning point at GDP per capita of 77,068 constant Saudi Riyal. Further, a negative and significant effect of agriculture sector on the CO2 emissions per capita has been found both in symmetrical and asymmetrical analyses. The magnitudes of effects of increasing and decreasing agriculture share are found statistically different on the CO2 emissions, and rising agriculture share in GDP has larger effect than that of decreasing agriculture share. An inverted U-shaped relationship is also found between agriculture share in GDP and CO2 emissions per capita with a turning point at 3.22% agriculture share in GDP.

The effects of regional trade integration and renewable energy transition on environmental quality: Evidence from South Asian neighbors

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Does agricultural ecology cause environmental degradation? Empirical evidence from Bangladesh

“…Several previous studies have studied the nexus between agriculture value addition, energy use, economic growth, and emissions in the context of different countries [ 60 , 88 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 ]. However, this study differs from the existing literature by complementing it and considering the relationship between agricultural ecosystems and Bangladesh’s environmental degradation from 1985 to 2017.…”

Renewable Energy, Agriculture and CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence From the Middle-Income Countries

“…The authors conclude that policymakers in this region should promote the adoption of renewable energy technologies as it enhances the agriculture production and serves as a tool to curb global climate change. Mahmood H. et al (2019) use symmetrical and asymmetrical analyses to explore the effect of agriculture on CO 2 emissions in Saudi Arabia, and they report that agriculture reduces CO 2 emissions once its share in GDP exceeds 3.22%. Sarkodie et al (2019) demonstrate that an increase in the agriculture value added decreases CO 2 emissions in a sample of 14 African countries over the period 1990-2013.…”