Agriculture and Water Quality in the Canadian Great Lakes Basin: V. Pesticide Use in 11 Agricultural Watersheds and Presence in Stream Water, 1975–1977

Frank, R.; Braun, H. E.; Holdrinet, M.; Sirons, George J.; Ripley, B. D.

doi:10.2134/jeq1982.00472425001100030035x

Cited by 74 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Endosulfan has a half life of 60-800 days in soil (ATSDR 2000). Frank et al (1982) have also reported that because of its persistence in soil, endosulfan residues were detected in water samples throughout the year (outside the spray season) with storm runoff. The results of several laboratory and greenhouse studies indicate that α-and β-endosulfan are strongly adsorbed to soil (Bowman et al 1965;El Beit et al 1981a, 1981b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of endosulfan on male reproductive development.

Saiyed

Dewan

Bhatnagar

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

194

119

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There is experimental evidence of adverse effects of endosulfan on the male reproductive system, but there are no human data. Therefore, we undertook a study to examine the relationship between environmental endosulfan exposure and reproductive development in male children and adolescents. The study population was composed of 117 male schoolchildren (10-19 years of age) of a village situated at the foothills of cashew plantations, where endosulfan had been aerially sprayed for more than 20 years, and 90 comparable controls with no such exposure history. The study parameters included recording of clinical history, physical examination, sexual maturity rating (SMR) according to Tanner stages, and estimation of serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, and endosulfan residues (70 study and 47 control subjects). Mean +/- SE serum endosulfan levels in the study group (7.47 +/- 1.19 ppb) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in controls (1.37 +/- 0.40 ppb). Multiple regression analysis showed that SMR scoring for development of pubic hair, testes, penis, and serum testosterone level was positively related to age and negatively related to aerial exposure to endosulfan (AEE; p < 0.01). Serum LH levels were significantly positively related to AEE after controlling for age (p < 0.01). The prevalence of congenital abnormalities related to testicular descent (congenital hydrocele, undescended testis, and congenital inguinal hernia) among study and controls subjects was 5.1% and 1.1%, respectively, but the differences were statistically nonsignificant. Our study results suggest that endosulfan exposure in male children may delay sexual maturity and interfere with sex hormone synthesis. Our study is limited by small sample size and nonparticipation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of endosulfan on male reproductive development.

Saiyed

Dewan

Bhatnagar

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

194

119

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“…The multiple-year data sets for the LAPU in various watersheds come from the NASQAN and NAWQA programs and from the literature (11,14,27,31,(39)(40)(41)(42)(43). The yearto-year variability in LAPU can be substantial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Scale on the Behavior of Atrazine in Surface Waters

Capel

Larson

2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Field runoff is an important transport mechanism by which agricultural pesticides, including atrazine, move into the hydrologic environment. Atrazine is chosen because it is widely used, is transported in runoff relatively easily, is widely observed in surface waters, and has relatively little loss in the stream network. Data on runoff of atrazine from experimental plot and field studies is combined with annual estimates of load in numerous streams and rivers, resulting in a data set with 408 observations that span 14 orders of magnitude in area. The load as a percent of use (LAPU) on an annual basis is the parameter that is compared among the studies. There is no difference in the mean or range of LAPU values for areas from the size of experimental field plots (g0.000023 ha) and small watersheds (<100 000 ha). The relatively invariant LAPU value observed across a large range of watershed areas implies that the characteristics of atrazine itself (application method and chemical properties) are important in determining the extent of runoff. The variable influences on the extent of runoff from individual watershed characteristics and weather events are superimposed on the relatively invariant LAPU value observed across the range of watershed areas. The results from this study establish the direct relevance for agricultural field plot studies to watershed studies across the full range of scale.

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“…Due to constant leaching as well as superficial runoff during rainfall and to accidental spillage, endosulfan has repeatedly been reported in surface waters of developing and developed countries (Herzel 1972, Van Dyk & Greeff 1977, Wall et al 1978, Frank et al 1982, Baier et al 1985. In the Dutch section of the river Rhine, mean concentrations of 0.1 to 0.3 pg 1-', with maximum values of 0.81 pg 1-' in 1969 and since then decreasing, have been reported for the period 1969 to 1975 (Wegmann & Greve 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural alterations in the liver and intestine of carp Cyprinus carpio induced orally by ultra-low doses of endosulfan

Braunbeck¹,

Appelbaum²

1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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In order to elucidate the importance of food-borne chemical contamination in fish, cytological and ultrastructural alterations in hepatocytes and enterocytes of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. exposed for 5 wk to 0.5 pg endosulfan (6,7,8.9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a, 6,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzo-dioxyanthiepin-3-oxide) kg-' food dry weight, equivalent to an ultra-low dosis of 15 ng kg-' fish d-', were investigated by means of light and electron microscopy Observations on liver alterations were quantified by morphometric analysis Livers show enlargement of the nucleolus, increase in number and size of both Golgi flelds and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lamellae, as well as proliferation of peroxisomes and lysosomes. Taken together, these alterations represent the morphological equivalent of a general stimulation of hepatic metabolism. Proliferation of the smooth ER is indicative of the onset of biotransformation processes under the influence of food-borne endosulfan. Further pathological processes in the liver were evident by glycogen and lipid depletion, invasion of phagocytic macrophages, and accun?ulation of myelinated bodies in endothehal cells of hepatic sinusoids. In the intestinal tract, exposure to endosulfan is associated with a complete lack of chylomicrons in the epithelia1 lining, w h~c h indicates disturbance of intestinal absorption. The reaction of the gut epithelium also included considerable distension of the intercellular space and an elevated number of lysosomal inclusions in enterocytes. An increased rate of mucous cell precursors was detectable, and rnacrophages were numerous. Results are consistent with endosulfan resorption by the intestinal epithelium and the coexistence of gut and liver ultrastructural changes at extremely low doses. Thus, the substantiation of patholog~cal alterations In organs sequentlally in contact with toxicants appears useful as a biomarker of pollutant exposure and effect. With regard to a chemical spill into the Rhine river at Basel, Switzerland, in November 1986, endosulfan, as a component of the mixture of toxic substances, may well have contributed to the overall toxicity of the chemicals released during the accident and the subsequent fish kill, less as a toxicant in itself than as a stimulant for the toxicity of other xenobiotics.

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Agriculture and Water Quality in the Canadian Great Lakes Basin: V. Pesticide Use in 11 Agricultural Watersheds and Presence in Stream Water, 1975–1977

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of endosulfan on male reproductive development.

Effect of endosulfan on male reproductive development.

Effect of Scale on the Behavior of Atrazine in Surface Waters

Ultrastructural alterations in the liver and intestine of carp Cyprinus carpio induced orally by ultra-low doses of endosulfan

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