Agricultural Lung Diseases

Kirkhorn, Steven R.; Garry, Vincent F.

doi:10.2307/3454407

Cited by 59 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It has been proposed that endotoxins are responsible for the pro-inflammatory activity of the dust (24). The endotoxin content in swine dust is about 0.01% (5, 11, 12, and 25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Organic Dust Causes Activation of Human Plasma Complement Factors C3 and B and the Synthesis of Factor C3 by Lung Epithelial Cells In Vitro

2005

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Exposure in swine confinement buildings induces an intense airway inflammation. Twenty-two volunteers, of whom eleven wore a half-mask, were exposed for 3 hr in a swine barn. Blood samples were drawn before and after exposure. The ratio C3b/totalC3 in plasma decreased from 6.8 to 5.0% (p = 0.02) without mask and from 6.6 to 5.9% (p = 0.01) with mask (p = 0.67 between groups). The ratio Bb/totalB decreased from 14.5 to 13.5% (p < 0.01) without and 14.6-13.3% (p = 0.09) with mask (p = 0.25 between groups). Epithelial cells (A549) incubated up to 24 hr with 0.1 mg/mL dust suspensions were analysed for C3, IL-6 and IL-8 secretion. Cumulative C3 synthesis of dust stimulated cell cultures was 43,000 pg/mL compared to 25,000 pg/mL in unstimulated cells. Cumulative dust-induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion was 200 and 3000 pg/mL, respectively and below detection in unstimulated cells. The activation of complement in vivo and induced C3 synthesis by epithelial cells suggests a role of complement in the airway reaction to organic dust exposure.

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“…It has been proposed that endotoxins are responsible for the pro-inflammatory activity of the dust (24). The endotoxin content in swine dust is about 0.01% (5, 11, 12, and 25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Organic Dust Causes Activation of Human Plasma Complement Factors C3 and B and the Synthesis of Factor C3 by Lung Epithelial Cells In Vitro

2005

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“…Airway inflammation caused by a non-allergic mechanism has been well documented in the literature as the major respiratory health problem of people working in animal confinement buildings with heavy dust exposure, especially in swine and poultry productions [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Hypersensitive lungs have been related to inhalation of mold spores [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, dust particles are removed by cough, mucociliary cleaning, fagocytosis or lymphatic transport, and will not necessarily reach the alveolar region. Respiratory particles are defined as having in average 4.0 µm or less [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of indoor and outdoor fungi and particles in poultry units

Viegas¹,

Viegas²,

Monteiro³

et al. 2012

Environmental Impact

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A descriptive study was developed in order to compare indoor and outdoor air contamination caused by fungi and particles in seven poultry units. Twenty eight air samples of 25 litters were collected through the impaction method on malt extract agar. Air sampling and particles concentration measurement were done in the interior and also outside premises of the poultries' pavilions.Regarding the fungal load in the air, indoor concentration of mold was higher than outside air in six poultry units. Twenty eight species / genera of fungi were identified indoor, being Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (40.5%) the most commonly isolated species and Rhizopus sp. (30.0%) the most commonly isolated genus.Concerning outdoor, eighteen species/genera of fungi were isolated, being Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (62.6%) also the most isolated. All the poultry farms analyzed presented indoor fungi different from the ones identified outdoors.Regarding particles' contamination, PM2.5, PM5.0 and PM10 had a statistically significant difference (Mann-Whitney U test) between the inside and outside of the pavilions, with the inside more contaminated (p=.006; p=.005; p=.005, respectively). The analyzed poultry units are potential reservoirs of substantial amounts of fungi and particles and could therefore free them in the atmospheric air. The developed study showed that indoor air was more contaminated than outdoors, and this can result in emission of potentially pathogenic fungi and particles via aerosols from poultry units to the environment, which may post a considerable risk to public health and contribute to environmental pollution.

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“…In agriculture, low quality hay or straw bales used for dairy cow bedding commonly contain high levels of microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi. 11,12,13 Bales of marijuana have the potential to contain the same high levels of microorganisms if mold is present. Workers may be exposed to airborne microorganisms from the dust generated when the bales are chopped.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-2004-0012-2948, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Canine Enforcement Training Center, Front Royal, Virginia.

2004

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This Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) report and any recommendations made herein are for the specific facility evaluated and may not be universally applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved.Additional HHE reports are available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports This Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) report and any recommendations made herein are for the specific facility evaluated and may not be universally applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved.Additional HHE reports are available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports Additional HHE reports are available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports ii PREFACEThe Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch (HETAB) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts field investigations of possible health hazards in the workplace. These investigations are conducted under the authority of Section 20(a)(6) of the Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA) Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. 669(a)(6) which authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services, following a written request from any employers or authorized representative of employees, to determine whether any substance normally found in the place of employment has potentially toxic effects in such concentrations as used or found.HETAB also provides, upon request, technical and consultative assistance to federal, state, and local agencies; labor; industry; and other groups or individuals to control occupational health hazards and to prevent related trauma and disease. Mention of company names or products does not constitute endorsement by NIOSH. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND AVAILABILITY OF REPORTThis report was prepared by Chad Dowell of HETAB, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies (DSHEFS). Analytical support was provided by Ardith Grote, Division of Applied Research and Technology (DART) and DataChem Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah. Desktop publishing was performed by Shawna Watts. Editorial assistance was provided by Ellen Galloway.Copies of this report have been sent to employee and management representatives at Canine Enforcement Training Center and the OSHA Regional Office. This report is not copyrighted and may be freely reproduced. The report may be viewed and printed from the following internet address: www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/. Single copies of this report will be available for a period of three years from the date of this report. To expedite your request, include a self-addressed mailing label along with your written request to: NIOSH Publications Office 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, Ohio 45226 800-356-4674After this time, copies may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) at 5825 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. Information regarding the NTIS stock number may be obtained from the NIOSH Publications Office at the Cincinnati addr...

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Agricultural Lung Diseases

Cited by 59 publications

References 34 publications

Exposure to Organic Dust Causes Activation of Human Plasma Complement Factors C3 and B and the Synthesis of Factor C3 by Lung Epithelial Cells In Vitro

Exposure to Organic Dust Causes Activation of Human Plasma Complement Factors C3 and B and the Synthesis of Factor C3 by Lung Epithelial Cells In Vitro

Comparison of indoor and outdoor fungi and particles in poultry units

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-2004-0012-2948, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Canine Enforcement Training Center, Front Royal, Virginia.

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