Agreement Between Panoramic and Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs for Measuring the Gonial Angle

Abstract

BackgroundThe gonial angle is one of the most important measurements required for orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery. It is difficult to determine the accurate measurement of each gonial angle on cephalometric radiographs because of superimposition of the left and right angles.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to determine the right and left gonial angles on panoramic radiographs and to compare them with an evaluated cephalometric sample.Patients and MethodsA total of 80 panoramic and 80 cephalometric radiographs were obtained from 6 to 12-year-old children and the gonial angle was determined by the tangent of the inferior border of the mandible and the most distal aspect of the ascending ramus and the condyleon both panoramic and cephalometric radiographs. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient and paired t-test for comparison.ResultsThe mean gonial angle was 127.07 ± 6.10 and 127.5 ± 6.67 degrees on panoramic and cephalometric radiographs, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the measured gonial angles on panoramic and cephalometric radiographs and also no difference between the right and left (both Ps = 0.18)ConclusionThe value of the gonial angle measured on panoramic radiography was the same as that measured on the routinely used cephalometric radiography.

Relationship between maximum bite force and the gonial angle in crossbite

“…Despite analyzing the GA through radiographies, our findings agreed with those presented by Oksayan et al [23], Zangouei-Booshehri et al [25] and Joo et al [29] that did not find differences between the right and the left sides. In the study by Yanikoglu and Yilmaz [20], differences in angle values between the right and left sides in patients from 40 to 70 years of age were reported; however, it is worth mentioning that this patient sample had periodontal impairment.…”

“…Although we did not find similar studies related with age and occlusion relationships in the literature, we verified that in the study by Oksayan et al [23], which was performed in individuals with an average age of 17 years, and in that by ZangoueiBooshehri et al [25], with children aged 6 to 12 years, no differences in GA values were found between the sexes, when both evaluated three sagittal relationships. In contrast from these findings, Xie et al [28] found statistically significant differences for angle values between men and women, in groups with average age of 27 and 64 years.…”

“…Evidence shows that irrespective of whether GA measurements are obtained by lateral teleradiography or panoramic radiography, the results are compatible [23][24][25]. However, no records of GA measurements directly on the face of the individual, as in the method adopted by our study, were found.…”

“…We did not find studies that performed GA evaluation directly on the face in the literature; however, in studies where the measurements were performed on radiographies, the values were 124.17 [24], 123 [23] and 127.07 [25] degrees. The comparison between GA values obtained by direct measurement or radiographies is not the purpose of this study; however, the proximity found is an important finding, since it gives credibility to the direct measurement on the face.…”

Comparative analysis of the gonial angle on lateral cephalometric radiographs and panoramic radiographs

“…Many studies have evaluated the GA on PR, but no previous report described how to produce accurate, detailed images of the GA (9,11,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). It is essential to develop a detailed method for drawing the inferior border of the mandible-in which only one line is made on the inferior border of the mandible-so as to not change the condition of the GA. Additionally, if the GA on PR is anatomically similar to the GA on LCR or has a characteristic structure, PR may prove to be more useful and could become a high-value-added dental examination.…”