Agitated saline contrast echocardiography to diagnose a congenital heart defect in a dog

Arndt, J; Oyama, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2008.03.004

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Agitated saline is safe, even when injected into a peripheral vein 12 . In humans, a link between injection of agitated saline and mild cerebral ischemic events has been suggested 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Transsplenic Injection of Agitated Saline and Heparinized Blood for the Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Macroscopic Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs

Gómez-Ochoa

Llabrés-Díaz

Ruíz

et al. 2010

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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We describe the use of ultrasonography-guided percutaneous splenic injection of agitated saline and heparinized blood for the diagnosis of portosystemic shunts (PSS) in 34 dogs. Agitated saline mixed with 1 ml of heparinized autologous blood was injected into the spleen of 34 sedated dogs under sonographic guidance. The transducer was then sequentially repositioned to visualize the portal vein, the caudal vena cava, and the right atrium through different acoustic windows. It was possible to differentiate between intrahepatic and extrahepatic shunts depending on the entry point of the microbubbles into the caudal vena cava. Portoazygos shunts and portocaval shunts could be differentiated based on the presence of microbubbles in the caudal vena cava and/or the right atrium. In one dog, collateral circulation due to portal hypertension was identified. In dogs with a single extrahepatic shunt, the microbubbles helped identify the shunting vessel. The technique was also used postoperatively to assess the efficacy of shunt closure. All abnormal vessels were confirmed by exploratory laparotomy or with ultrasonographic identification of the shunting vessel. Ultrasound-guided transsplenic injection of agitated saline with heparinized blood should be considered as a valuable technique for the diagnosis of PSS; it is easy to perform, safe, and the results are easily reproducible. r

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“…Agitated saline is safe, even when injected into a peripheral vein 12 . In humans, a link between injection of agitated saline and mild cerebral ischemic events has been suggested 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, a link between injection of agitated saline and mild cerebral ischemic events has been suggested 13 . The addition of a small volume of blood to the saline possibly decreases microbubble surface tension and promotes bubble aggregation, thereby increasing their stability and longevity in solution 12 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Transsplenic Injection of Agitated Saline and Heparinized Blood for the Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Macroscopic Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs

Gómez-Ochoa

Llabrés-Díaz

Ruíz

et al. 2010

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Where present, maximal tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and pulmonary regurgitation (PR) velocities (Vmax) were used to quantify pulmonary systolic and mean diastolic pressure using the modified Bernoulli equation (the instantaneous pressure gradient = 4v, 2 where v is the maximal velocity measured in m/s 30,31 30,32,33 Contrast echocardiography, performed via injection of agitated saline into a peripheral vein, was used to visualize the passage of contrast through the abdominal aorta. 30,34 Visualization of contrast within Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to assess the impact of ductal morphology, PCV, sildenafil administration at presentation, sildenafil dose, severity of PH, anesthesia (with or without surgery) and the presence of R-CHF on median survival time. Data were censored if the animal was still alive or lost to follow-up at the end of the study period and survival times were reported as medians (range).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features and outcome of dogs and cats with bidirectional and continuous right‐to‐left shunting patent ductus arteriosus

Greet¹,

Bode

Dukes‐McEwan

et al. 2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Studies describing the clinical progression of animals with reverse patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are lacking. Objectives: To describe the signalment, presenting signs, echocardiographic features, and survival in a group of dogs and cats with bidirectional and continuous right-to-left PDA. Animals: Forty-six client-owned animals included, comprising 43 dogs and 3 cats with bidirectional or continuous right-to-left PDA. Methods: Retrospective multicenter study. Medical records and echocardiographic findings reviewed from animals diagnosed with bidirectional or continuous right-toleft PDA. Impact of ductal morphology, spectral Doppler flow profile, PCV, sildenafil treatment at presentation, sildenafil dose, severity of pulmonary hypertension, general anesthesia with or without surgery and the presence of right-sided congestive heart failure (R-CHF) on crude mortality rate were evaluated via Mantel-Cox log rank comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed, and hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) was presented. Results: Hindlimb collapse was the most common presenting sign in dogs (n = 16). Clinical signs in cats were variable. Median survival time was 626 days in dogs (range 1-3628 days). Dogs with R-CHF had a shorter median survival time (58 days vs 1839 days, P = .03). Dogs treated with sildenafil at initial presentation survived longer (1839 days vs 302 days, P = .03), which was the only independent predictor of survival (HR 0.35, CI 0.15-0.86, P = 0.021).

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“…For 3D color Dopp ler im ag ing, a bolus of ag i tated sa line was needed for con trast and was de liv ered into the left in ter nal ca rotid ar tery. 62 Sev eral ves sels be came vis i ble im me di ately af ter the bolus in jec tion, in clud ing those that com prise the Cir cle of Wil lis. The con trast-enhanced 3D color Dopp ler scans are shown in fig ure 11.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Mode Intracranial Catheter Integrating 3D Ultrasound Imaging and Hyperthermia for Neuro-oncology: Feasibility Study

et al. 2009

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In this study, the performances of one-dimensional and two-dimensional least-squares strain estimators (LSQSE) are compared. Furthermore, the effects of kernel size are examined using simulated raw frequency data of a widely-adapted hard lesion/soft tissue model. The performances of both methods are assessed in terms of root-mean-squared errors (RMSE), elastographic signal-to-noise ratio (SNRe) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNRe). RMSE analysis revealed that the 2D LSQSE yields better results for phased array data, especially for larger insonification angles. Using a 2D LSQSE enabled the processing of unfiltered displacement data, in particular for the lateral/horizontal strain components. The SNRe and CNRe analysis showed an improvement in precision and almost no loss in contrast using 2D LSQSE. However, the RMSE images for different kernel sizes revealed that the optimal 2D kernel size depends on the region-of-interest and showed that the LSQ kernel size should be limited to avoid loss in resolution.

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Agitated saline contrast echocardiography to diagnose a congenital heart defect in a dog

Cited by 25 publications

References 3 publications

Use of Transsplenic Injection of Agitated Saline and Heparinized Blood for the Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Macroscopic Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs

Use of Transsplenic Injection of Agitated Saline and Heparinized Blood for the Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Macroscopic Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs

Clinical features and outcome of dogs and cats with bidirectional and continuous right‐to‐left shunting patent ductus arteriosus

Dual-Mode Intracranial Catheter Integrating 3D Ultrasound Imaging and Hyperthermia for Neuro-oncology: Feasibility Study

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