Aging of HDPE Pipes Exposed to Diesel Lubricant

Torres, Amélia H. U.; d’Almeida, J.R.M.; Habas, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1080/03602559.2011.578297

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The virgin sample of HDPE always contains a strong peak at 1462 cm −1 because it is associated with methylene and CH 2 scissoring. Vibration in the amorphous part and deformation in the crystalline phase was observed at 718 cm −1 and 729 cm −1 [ 19 , 46 ]. Figure 3 represents five different peaks in the spectra of 1 mm-thick HDPE material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chain-breaking de-fines the aging of HDPE with the characteristic group including 1368 cm −1 [ 49 ]. The peak around 1368 cm −1 is due to external hydrogen vibrations of CH 2 [ 19 , 34 ] or wagging deformation of methylene groups. The appearance of peaks in these bands can be attributed to the presence of side-chain branches of PE [ 45 , 50 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aging studies are intended to accelerate the degradation chemistry, and the resulting degradation stage is often monitored with supporting chemical analysis such as IR signatures, discoloration, crosslink state, melting behavior, crystallinity, and morphological characterization [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. It is well known that the degradation proceeds through chain scission, degree of branching, and crosslinking, as evident by the decrease in the molecular weight [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation Monitoring of HDPE Material in CO2-Saturated NaCl Environment through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Technique

2021

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Extensive damage due to saturated seawater and CO2 exposure under high temperature and pressure in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been studied by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The degradation of square-shaped HDPE samples having 1 mm thickness was investigated at 70 bars with 60, 75, and 90 °C separately for three weeks in an autoclave chamber. A clear indication of aging was observed in terms of chain scission by the formation of the methyl group (1262 cm−1), and the appearance of degradation products, including the alcohol and hydroxyl groups. The decline in glass transition temperature (Tg), melting point (Tm), and crystallinity (Xc) result from branching and formation of degradation products in the aged samples. TGA results reveal that the degradation shifts the characteristic temperatures (T5% and T10%) to lower values compared to virgin HDPE. FESEM images show clear surface cracks and rough patches after 3 weeks. The Xc value increased due to chain mobility at higher temperatures (90 °C). The impedance is relatively high 1011 ohms.cm−2 for a virgin sample, but it drops down to 109 and 106 after degradation. Impedance and dielectric loss were correlated, and the significance of dielectric loss was observed at lower frequencies. These characterizations will contribute to more efficient and detailed evaluation criteria for degradation monitoring.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation Monitoring of HDPE Material in CO2-Saturated NaCl Environment through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Technique

2021

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“…Diffusion and degradation of low molecular weight chains occur in HDPE due to aging in the presence of diesel lubricants. No chemical modification in the structure was observed [ 94 ]. Mechanical properties and the crystalline structure were unaffected after one year of exposure to hydrogen gas [ 97 ].…”

Section: Inspection and Monitoring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeation Damage of Polymer Liner in Oil and Gas Pipelines: A Review

2020

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Non-metallic pipe (NMP) materials are used as an internal lining and standalone pipes in the oil and gas industry, constituting an emerging corrosion strategy. The NMP materials are inherently susceptible to gradual damage due to creep, fatigue, permeation, processing defects, and installation blunder. In the presence of acid gases (CO2, H2S), and hydrocarbons under high pressure and temperature, the main damage is due to permeation. The monitoring of possible damage due to permeation is not well defined, which leads to uncertainty in asset integrity management. Assessment of permeation damage is currently performed through mechanical, thermal, chemical, and structural properties, employing Tensile Test, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), to evaluate the change in tensile strength, elongation, weight loss or gain, crystallinity, chemical properties, and molecular structure. Coupons are commonly used to analyze the degradation of polymers. They are point sensors and did not give real-time information. Polymers are dielectric materials, and this dielectric property can be studied using Impedance Analyzer and Dielectric Spectroscopy. This review presents a brief status report on the failure of polymer liners in pipelines due to the exposure of acid gases, hydrocarbons, and other contaminants. Permeation, liner failures, the importance of monitoring, and new exclusive (dielectric) property are briefly discussed. An inclusive perspective is provided, showing the challenges associated with the monitoring of the polymer liner material in the pipeline as it relates to the life-time prediction requirement.

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“…However, several other environments can be expected to cause degradation to polymers and polymer composites; these include salt water 7,8 , and other common fluids, like diesel and petrol [9][10][11] . Although many works had already treated the problem of the interaction of several fluids with polymers and their composites [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] , generalization of the observed behavior is not, in many instances, a simple task. This is due to the fact that very particular interactions can occur between a specific composite and also the specific fluid under analysis; this aspect is especially true when the performance of a commercial material is being analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%