Aging, Obesity and Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviors; Risk Factors for the Emergence of Cardiometabolic Diseases in Pakistani Adults (P01-019-19)

Abstract

Objectives Substantial mortality and morbidity due to cardiometabolic diseases (CMD's) has significantly increased in low resource settings, including Pakistan. Ageing and unhealthy lifestyle practices (smoking, an unhealthy diet and physical inactivity) upsurge the risk, resulting in double burden on health care system. In this study, we determined the prevalence of CMD's and the associated risk factors using data from a large community survey. Methods A large community survey was conducted in Gulshan-e-Iqbal town, Karachi, Pakistan, using multi-stage sampling technique. Medical camps were set up accordingly to collect data. Data collection was based on socio-demographics, clinical diagnosis and self-reported history of the diseases. Hypertension, stroke, adiposity, dyslipidemia and diabetes were defined using standardized, cut-off values. Cardiometabolic disease was defined as the presence of at least one of the listed illnesses. Chi-square test and logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for cardio metabolic diseases. Odd's ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to report the findings. Results Of the total 2968 participants, 51.8% adults were found with cardio-metabolic diseases. Of all, 39.7% had hypertension followed by 29.7% obesity, 23.1% diabetes and 11.9% dyslipidemia, respectively. A significant increasing trend was observed for age and body mass index (BMI) with the risk of CMD. Older respondents aged 50–59 years (OR = 2.18, 95% CI [1.77–2.70]), 60–69 years (OR = 3.0, 95% CI [2.28–3.96]) and > 70 years (OR = 3.04, 95% CI [2.06–4.48]) were significantly more likely to have CMD as compared to younger adults. Similarly, participants being overweight (OR = 1.39, 95% CI [1.16–1.67]), obese (OR = 1.70, 95% CI [1.41–2.05]) and married (OR = 1.41, 95% CI [1.07–1.86]) had higher of odds of developing cardiometabolic diseases. Moreover, physical activity was found to have a protective effect on CMD. Conclusions An apparent profile of cardiometabolic disease emerges as BMI and age increases; however a protective behavior was observed with physical activity. Understanding these findings, suggest multidisciplinary programs and policies for early detection of multiple chronic illnesses, additionally with behavioral guidelines to prevent further disease progression and complications. Funding Sources No funding was available.

Entwicklung des Lebensstilprogramms „Gemeinsam Gesund“

“…Zivilisationserkrankungen und Adipositas gelten als große medizinische und gesundheitsökonomische Herausforderungen unserer Zeit [5,6]. Das Risiko für diese Erkrankungen lässt sich jedoch maßgeblich durch den Lebensstil, insbesondere durch Ernährungs-und Bewegungsgewohnheiten, beeinflussen [7,8]. In diesem Zusammenhang besteht ein großes Potenzial für Lebensstilprogramme zur Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, um die Prävalenzen lebensstilabhängiger NCD senken zu können.…”

Caryopteris odorata and its metabolite coumarin attenuate characteristic features of cardiometabolic syndrome in high-refined carbohydrate-high fat-cholesterol-loaded feed-fed diet rats

“…It affects approximately 25% of the world’s adult population. According to a survey conducted by the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, ageing and unhealthy lifestyle practices have led to an upsurge in CMS risk factors which affect more than 51.8% adults—of these, 39.7% had hypertension, 29.7% had obesity, 23.1% diabetes, and 11.9% had dyslipidemia ( Inam and Shah, 2019 ). Increased oxidative stress and inflammation are the key factors in obesity which lead to a sequential progression in insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hypertension ( Sharma et al, 2012 ), resulting in the development of CMS.…”