Aging Effects on the Availability of Herbicides to Runoff Transfer

Abstract

Realistic estimation of sorption parameters is essential to predict long-term herbicide availability in soils and their contamination of surface water and groundwater. This study examined the temporal change of an effective partition coefficient Kd(eff) for the herbicides simazine, diuron, and oryzalin from a 0.12 ha field experiment during 7 vineyard growing seasons. Kd(eff) is the ratio of solvent extractable herbicide concentrations in the top soil (0-2 cm) to the average concentrations in runoff water and is considered to assess the effective availability of herbicides to runoff transfer. Kd(eff) increased largely with aging time since application, from values similar to those of the literature (determined in 24 h batch conditions, Kd(ref)), up to 88, 164, and 30 times these initial values for simazine, diuron, and oryzalin respectively. The seasonal variation of Kd(eff) values between years and compounds could be adequately described by a unique model, taking into account the cumulative rainfall since application and Kd(ref) of each compound. This simple model was able to represent the influence of the soil moisture content and its changes in the different biological and physicochemical processes that may contribute to the (bio)available, sorbed, or entrapped state of any of the studied herbicides with aging time under Mediterranean climate.

Aging effects on sorption–desorption behaviors of PAHs in different natural organic matters

“…The sorption-desorption behavior significantly affects the bioavailability and environmental persistence of the HOCs [1,2]. Recently, there is growing awareness that the affinity of HOCs on NOMs depends on the composition of the NOM, solute properties, and especially the NOM-chemical contact time, which termed ''aging.''…”

Rapid Mineralization of the Phenylurea Herbicide Diuron by Variovorax sp. Strain SRS16 in Pure Culture and within a Two-Member Consortium

“…The low tendency of diuron to sorb to soil, combined with its relatively high water solubility, is the likely explanation for its potential for leaching into underlying or nearby water observed in several recent field experiments (22,24). Biodegradation has been described as the primary mechanism for diuron dissipation in soils and waters (34,39), and half-lives ranging from weeks to years have been measured and extrapolated from the results of laboratory experiments with different soils and waters (7,13,21,(32)(33)(34). Different metabolites resulting from partial degradation of diuron have been identified, and the initial degradation steps appear to follow the general pathways for N,N-dimethyl-substituted phenylureas involving either an initial N demethylation to DCPMU or a hydrolysis to 3,4-DCA (39).…”

An overview of the recent approaches to terroir functional modelling, footprinting and zoning

“…Depletion of soil fertility in general, along with the concomitant problems of weeds, pests and diseases, is the fundamental root cause of low agricultural production on a global level (Tan et al, 2005). Even if grapevines are not demanding with regard to nutrients, they nevertheless require an adequate supply, which may no longer exist in terroirs where the soils are undergoing degradation processes, especially soil losses (Le Bissonnais et al, 2007;Martínez-Casasnovas et al, 2009Paroissien et al, 2010;Novara et al, 2011;Quiquerez et al, 2014;Chevigny et al, 2014;Lieskovsky and Kenderessy, 2014), nutrient depletion (Ramos and Martínez-Casanovas, 2006), compaction (Lagacherie et al, 2006), salinization and sodization (Clark et al, 2002;Crescimanno and Garofalo, 2006; al., 2007; Costantini and Lorenzetti, 2013), pesticide runoff and deposition (Landry et al, 2005;Louchart and Voltz, 2007;Lacas et al, 2012;Daouk et al, 2013;Lefrancq et al, 2013) and copper contamination (Pieztrak and McPhail, 2004;Chopin et al, 2008;Komárek et al, 2008;Wightwick et al, 2008;Mirlean et al, 2007Mirlean et al, , 2009Rusjan et al, 2007;El Hadri et al, 2012;Fernández-Calviño et al, 2013;El Azzi et al, 2013;Lai et al, 2013). In Burgundy, using vine-stock unearthing-burying measurements (Brenot et al, 2008), Chevigny et al (2014) estimated that the erosion rate had increased significantly over the last decade and also that the spatial distribution of erosion had changed and was now basically controlled by ...…”

“…According to Blavet et al (2009), chemically weeded vineyards result in the highest runoff rates and soil losses, but the losses can be reduced when the prunings are left on the soil, when straw mulching is used, when rock fragments are left, and when grass intercrops are used. The corollary issue of runoff is that, in addition to soil erosion and soil nutrient loss, it also leads to fertilizer and pesticide residue loss to surface waters, depending on the timing of the applied pesticide (Louchart and Voltz, 2007).…”