Aging effects on airflow dynamics and lung function in human bronchioles

Kim, Jong-Won; Heise, Rebecca L.; Reynolds, Angela; Pidaparti, Ramana M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183654

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The increased airspace also lowers the alveolar surface tension, further hindering the elastic recoil of the lungs [ 90 ]. Alveolar dilation and extracellular matrix component redistribution decrease airway tethering, increasing airway collapsibility, especially of peripheral conducting airways [ 91 , 92 ]. Finally, chest wall compliance decreases as well in the elderly as a result of the calcification of costochondral junctions, costal cartilage, and degenerative joint disease of the spine, as well as osteoporotic fractures increasing dorsal kyphosis.…”

Section: Age-associated Changes In Pulmonary Structure and (Immunementioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Oxidative Stress and Inflamm-Aging in Human and Equine Asthma

Bullone

Lavoie

2017

IJMS

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Aging is associated with a dysregulation of the immune system, leading to a general pro-inflammatory state of the organism, a process that has been named inflamm-aging. Oxidative stress has an important role in aging and in the regulation of immune responses, probably playing a role in the development of age-related diseases. The respiratory system function physiologically declines with the advancement of age. In elderly asthmatic patients, this may contribute to disease expression. In this review, we will focus on age-related changes affecting the immune system and in respiratory structure and function that could contribute to asthma occurrence, and/or clinical presentation in the elderly. Also, naturally occurring equine asthma will be discussed as a possible model for studying the importance of oxidative stress and immun-aging/inflamm-aging in humans.

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Section: Age-associated Changes In Pulmonary Structure and (Immunementioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Oxidative Stress and Inflamm-Aging in Human and Equine Asthma

Bullone

Lavoie

2017

IJMS

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“…Almost all the available literature, however, considers healthy airways for airflow and particle transport modelling. Yet, volume reduction of the respiratory airways occurs due to age and disease conditions, which creates airflow limitations [13]. Respiratory diseases like asthma also create airway inflammation and obstruct the airway [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airflow and Particle Transport Prediction through Stenosis Airways

Singh

Raghav

Padhmashali

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Airflow and particle transport in the human lung system is influenced by biological and other factors such as breathing pattern, particle properties, and deposition mechanisms. Most of the studies to date have analyzed airflow characterization and aerosol transport in idealized and realistic models. Precise airflow characterization for airway stenosis in a digital reference model is lacking in the literature. This study presents a numerical simulation of airflow and particle transport through a stenosis section of the airway. A realistic CT-scan-based mouth-throat and upper airway model was used for the numerical calculations. Three different models of a healthy lung and of airway stenosis of the left and right lung were used for the calculations. The ANSYS FLUENT solver, based on the finite volume discretization technique, was used as a numerical tool. Proper grid refinement and validation were performed. The numerical results show a complex-velocity flow field for airway stenosis, where airflow velocity magnitude at the stenosis section was found to be higher than that in healthy airways. Pressure drops at the mouth-throat and in the upper airways show a nonlinear trend. Comprehensive pressure analysis of stenosis airways would increase our knowledge of the safe mechanical ventilation of the lung. The turbulence intensities at the stenosis sections of the right and left lung were found to be different. Deposition efficiency (DE) increased with flow rate and particle size. The findings of the present study increase our understanding of airflow patterns in airway stenosis under various disease conditions. More comprehensive stenosis analysis is required to further improve knowledge of the field.

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“…The anatomical structure of the human lung impacts the flow field [23,84] and realistic lung airways exhibit highly complex uneven curvatures [26]. Recently, a realistic CT-based anatomical model [15,66,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91] was used to characterize the transitional behaviour of airflow in human bifurcating pathways. In the realistic model, turbulent laryngeal jet follows turbulent flow [23] and the inspiratory flow field is found to be much more complex than in the symmetric lung model [20].…”

Section: Tracheobronchial Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Respiratory Anatomical Development, Air Flow Characterization and Particle Deposition

Islam

Paul

Ong

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The understanding of complex inhalation and transport processes of pollutant particles through the human respiratory system is important for investigations into dosimetry and respiratory health effects in various settings, such as environmental or occupational health. The studies over the last few decades for micro- and nanoparticle transport and deposition have advanced the understanding of drug-aerosol impacts in the mouth-throat and the upper airways. However, most of the Lagrangian and Eulerian studies have utilized the non-realistic symmetric anatomical model for airflow and particle deposition predictions. Recent improvements to visualization techniques using high-resolution computed tomography (CT) data and the resultant development of three dimensional (3-D) anatomical models support the realistic representation of lung geometry. Yet, the selection of different modelling approaches to analyze the transitional flow behavior and the use of different inlet and outlet conditions provide a dissimilar prediction of particle deposition in the human lung. Moreover, incorporation of relevant physical and appropriate boundary conditions are important factors to consider for the more accurate prediction of transitional flow and particle transport in human lung. This review critically appraises currently available literature on airflow and particle transport mechanism in the lungs, as well as numerical simulations with the aim to explore processes involved. Numerical studies found that both the Euler–Lagrange (E-L) and Euler–Euler methods do not influence nanoparticle (particle diameter ≤50 nm) deposition patterns at a flow rate ≤25 L/min. Furthermore, numerical studies demonstrated that turbulence dispersion does not significantly affect nanoparticle deposition patterns. This critical review aims to develop the field and increase the state-of-the-art in human lung modelling.

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Aging effects on airflow dynamics and lung function in human bronchioles

Cited by 46 publications

References 63 publications

The Contribution of Oxidative Stress and Inflamm-Aging in Human and Equine Asthma

The Contribution of Oxidative Stress and Inflamm-Aging in Human and Equine Asthma

Airflow and Particle Transport Prediction through Stenosis Airways

A Review of Respiratory Anatomical Development, Air Flow Characterization and Particle Deposition

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