Aging and Varieties of Cognitive Control: A Review of Meta-Analyses on Resistance to Interference, Coordination, and Task Switching, and an Experimental Exploration of Age-Sensitivity in the Newly Identified Process of Focus Switching

Verhaeghen, Paul; Cerella, John; Bopp, Kara L.; Basak, Chandramallika

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511720413.008

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The pattern of results obtained here echoes data on the effects of normal aging on executive control (for an overview, see, e.g., Verhaeghen et al, 2005), that is, tasks involving planning, such as the Wisconsin Card Sort Test, verbal fluency, dual-task performance, and global task-switching, are age-sensitive, whereas tasks that measure inhibition, such as negative priming and Stroop, are not age-sensitive. Our results then suggest that MCI (a) is not a state of normal aging described by explicit episodic memory deficits only; and (b) is FIGURE 2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Executive Functioning in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: MCI Has Effects on Planning, But Not on Inhibition

Zhang

Han

Verhaeghen

et al. 2007

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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In this study, we compared executive functioning in 32 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals with that of normally aging controls. Cognitive planning tests (Trail Making, Porteus Maze Test, verbal fluency tests) show a group difference favoring the normal controls, but tests for inhibition of prepotent responses (no-go accuracy, two measures of the Stroop effect, and negative priming) failed to uncover a significant group difference. The results indicate that there is no general executive control function impairment in MCI; rather, the deficits found are compatible with the hypothesis that MCI is an accelerated form of normal aging.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Executive Functioning in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: MCI Has Effects on Planning, But Not on Inhibition

Zhang

Han

Verhaeghen

et al. 2007

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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“…The effects of aging have also been demonstrated when switching between specific tasks (e.g., switching between responding to color or form and responding only to color, Mayr et al, 2001;Verhaeghen et al 2005), and are also related to attention (Craik & Salthouse, 2000;Phillips & Lesperance, 2003). Slower cognitive processing is also associated with aging (Cerella, 1990;Salthouse, 1996) and it is estimated that processing takes 1.5-2 times longer in older than in younger adults (Cerella, 1990).…”

Section: Cognitive Consequences Of Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from HL, normal consequences of aging also include declining visual abilities, such as visual acuity and contrast sensitivity (e.g., Risacher et al, 2013;Heyl & Wahl, 2012) and cognition (e.g., McDowd & Shaw, 2000;Verhaeghen et al, 2003;Mayr et al, 2001;Verhaeghen et al, 2005, Craik & Salthouse, 2000Phillips & Lesperance, 2003). Relationships between sensory and cognitive losses in older adults have also been presented (Clay et al, 2009;Heyl & Wahl, 2012;Holland, 2009;Vreeken et al, 2013).…”

Section: Pretestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hearing loss on traffic safety and mobility

Thorslund¹

2014

Studies From the Swedish Institute for Disability Research

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Research into the effect of hearing loss (HL) on traffic safety and mobility is limited and the empirical findings are somewhat inconsistent. HL is one of the most frequent sensory deficits in humans, leading to loss of auditory information, which may affect behavior in traffic situations and might reduce traffic safety and mobility. The prevalence of age-related HL in Europe is roughly 30% for men and 20% for women at the age of 70 years, and 55% for men and 45% for women at the age of 80 years. The prevalence of age-related HL is increasing, and as a consequence the number of road users with HL will also increase.The aim of this PhD thesis was to investigate traffic safety and mobility for individuals with HL. Three studies were conducted: 1. a questionnaire survey aimed to evaluate differences in choice of transportation that might be related to HL, 2. a driving simulator study that looked into compensatory strategies and evaluated the efficiency of a tactile signal to alert the driver, and 3. a field study to evaluate these effects in real traffic and to evaluate a navigation system with a supportive tactile signal.The results of the three studies indicate that there are effects of HL on traffic safety and mobility. The effects are relatively small and often bound to driving complexity; but, systematic and consistent in replicated studies. Differences in transportation habits related to HL include less likelihood of having a driver's license and a higher valuing of written information, with the latter possibly prioritized before time and safety issues. Moreover, respondents with more HL were less concerned about the effects of HL, which suggests that they might be using compensatory strategies.In the experimental studies, differences in driving behavior related to HL were bound to driving conditions and occurred when the complexity of the driving task increased. There was also an effect of HL on visual behavior, indicated in the simulator and confirmed in the field study, suggesting that drivers with HL have more active visual behaviors with more frequent glances in the rear-view mirror and a general scanning of the environment before looking away from the road. A tactile signal in the driver seat was found useful in both experimental studies, both for calling for the driver's attention and facilitating navigation using a GPS navigation device.It was concluded that there are effects of HL on both traffic safety and mobility, consistently pointing toward a generally more cautious driving behavior with the use of both compensatory and coping strategies, which suggests a difference in experienced safety. Compensatory strategies associated with HL include driving at lower speeds and using a more comprehensive visual search behavior. Coping strategies associated with HL include engaging less in distracting activities. Evaluation of the tactile signal suggests that it may make driver assistance systems more accessible, not only to drivers with HL, but to all drivers. At the same time, the systems might bec...

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“…In contrast, other studies have suggested that SC are not or only slightly affected by age (Verhaeghen et al, 2005;Reimers and Maylor, 2005). For example, Kray and Lindenberger (2000) investigated age-related differences in MC and SC in 118 adults ranging in age from 20 to 80 years using the TSP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of age-related changes in brain activity during the divalent task-switching paradigm using functional MRI

Kunimi

Kiyama

Nakai

2016

Neuroscience Research

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Aging and Varieties of Cognitive Control: A Review of Meta-Analyses on Resistance to Interference, Coordination, and Task Switching, and an Experimental Exploration of Age-Sensitivity in the Newly Identified Process of Focus Switching

Cited by 39 publications

References 34 publications

Executive Functioning in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: MCI Has Effects on Planning, But Not on Inhibition

Executive Functioning in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: MCI Has Effects on Planning, But Not on Inhibition

Effects of hearing loss on traffic safety and mobility

Investigation of age-related changes in brain activity during the divalent task-switching paradigm using functional MRI

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