Investigation of age-related changes in brain activity during the divalent task-switching paradigm using functional MRI

Kunimi, Mitsunobu; Kiyama, Sachiko; Nakai, Toshiharu

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2015.06.011

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 61 publications

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“…This age-related attenuation of BOLD signal has been reported in other age-comparative studies on motor and cognitive brain activation (Hesselmann et al, 2001;Kannurpatti, Motes, Rypma, & Biswal, 2011). An opposite finding was that older adults exhibited larger brain activation than younger adults during task switching (Kunimi, Kiyama, & Nakai, 2016 (Cole & Schneider, 2007;Deprez et al, 2013). We did in particular expect increased prefrontal activation during dual tasking as observed by Holtzer et al (2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Imaging gait analysis: An fMRI dual task study

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Imaging gait analysis: An fMRI dual task study

et al. 2017

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Functional MRI on executive functioning in aging and dementia: A scoping review of cognitive tasks

2018

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Cognitive decline with aging and dementia is especially poignant with regard to the executive functioning that is necessary for activities of daily independent living. The relationship between age‐related neurodegeneration in the prefrontal cortex and executive functioning has been uniquely investigated using task‐phase functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to detect brain activity in response to stimuli; however, a comprehensive list of task designs that have been implemented to task‐phase fMRI is absent in the literature. The purpose of this review was to recognize what methods have been used to study executive functions with aging and dementia in fMRI tasks, and to describe and categorize them. The following cognitive subdomains were emphasized: cognitive flexibility, planning and decision‐making, working memory, cognitive control/inhibition, semantic processing, attention and concentration, emotional functioning, and multitasking. Over 30 different task‐phase fMRI designs were found to have been implemented in the literature, all adopted from standard neuropsychological assessments. Cognitive set‐shifting and decision‐making tasks were particularly well studied in regard to age‐related neurodegeneration, while emotional functioning and multitasking designs were found to be the least utilized. Summarizing the information on which tasks have shown the greatest usability will assist in the future design and implementation of effective fMRI experiments targeting executive functioning.

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Brain activations elicited during task‐switching generalize beyond the task: A partial least squares correlation approach to combine fMRI signals and cognition

Skolasinska,

Qin,

Voss

et al. 2024

Human Brain Mapping

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An underlying hypothesis for broad transfer from cognitive training is that the regional brain signals engaged during the training task are related to the transfer tasks. However, it is unclear whether the brain activations elicited from a specific cognitive task can generalize to performance of other tasks, esp. in normal aging where cognitive training holds much promise. In this large dual‐site functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we aimed to characterize the neurobehavioral correlates of task‐switching in normal aging and examine whether the task‐switching‐related fMRI‐blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signals, engaged during varieties of cognitive control, generalize to other tasks of executive control and general cognition. We therefore used a hybrid blocked and event‐related fMRI task‐switching paradigm to investigate brain regions associated with multiple types of cognitive control on 129 non‐demented older adults (65–85 years). This large dataset provided a unique opportunity for a data‐driven partial least squares–correlation approach to investigate the generalizability of multiple fMRI‐BOLD signals associated with task‐switching costs to other tasks of executive control, general cognition, and demographic characteristics. While some fMRI signals generalized beyond the scanned task, others did not. Results indicate right middle frontal brain activation as detrimental to task‐switching performance, whereas inferior frontal and caudate activations were related to faster processing speed during the fMRI task‐switching, but activations of these regions did not predict performance on other tasks of executive control or general cognition. However, BOLD signals from the right lateral occipital cortex engaged during the fMRI task positively predicted performance on a working memory updating task, and BOLD signals from the left post‐central gyrus that were disengaged during the fMRI task were related to slower processing speed in the task as well as to lower general cognition. Together, these results suggest generalizability of these BOLD signals beyond the scanned task. The findings also provided evidence for the general slowing hypothesis of aging as most variance in the data were explained by low processing speed and global low BOLD signal in older age. As processing speed shared variance with task‐switching and other executive control tasks, it might be a possible basis of generalizability between these tasks. Additional results support the dedifferentiation hypothesis of brain aging, as right middle frontal activations predicted poorer task‐switching performance. Overall, we observed that the BOLD signals related to the fMRI task not only generalize to the performance of other executive control tasks, but unique brain predictors of out‐of‐scanner performance can be identified.

show abstract

Investigation of age-related changes in brain activity during the divalent task-switching paradigm using functional MRI

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

Imaging gait analysis: An fMRI dual task study

Imaging gait analysis: An fMRI dual task study

Functional MRI on executive functioning in aging and dementia: A scoping review of cognitive tasks

Brain activations elicited during task‐switching generalize beyond the task: A partial least squares correlation approach to combine fMRI signals and cognition

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