Aging and the immune system

Kovaiou, Rania D.; Weinberger, Birgit; Grubeck‐Loebenstein, Beatrix

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-04404-2.10033-8

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…CD57+ T lymphocytes are virtually absent at birth [ 5 ] and progressively increasing with age [ 6 ]. CD8+CD57+ T cells increases in chronic immune activation states and in infectious diseases like HIV [ 7 ], tuberculosis [ 8 ], and some virus, particularly cytomegalovirus [ 9 , 10 ]. However, increased numbers of these cells in toxoplasmosis have never been reported before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion ofCD8+CD57+T Cells in an Immunocompetent Patient with Acute Toxoplasmosis

García‐Muñoz

Rodríguez‐Otero

Galar

et al. 2009

Advances in Hematology

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CD57+ T cells increase in several viral infections like cytomegalovirus, herpesvirus, parvovirus, HIV and hepatitis C virus and are associated with several clinical conditions related to immune dysfunction and ageing. We report for the first time an expansion of CD8+ CD57+ T cells in a young patient with an acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Our report supports the concept that CD8+ CD57+ T cells could be important in the control of chronic phase of intracellular microorganisms and that the high numbers of these cells may reflect the continuing survey of the immune system, searching for parasite proliferation in the tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion ofCD8+CD57+T Cells in an Immunocompetent Patient with Acute Toxoplasmosis

García‐Muñoz

Rodríguez‐Otero

Galar

et al. 2009

Advances in Hematology

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“…However, similar to the aging T cell pool, a significant age-related increase in memory B cells and shrinkage of the naïve B cell pool has been reported [10,119,120] . Such altered proportions of naïve and memory B cells have been related to age-related variations in the titers of different isotypes in human serum immunoglobulin levels [121] , which may consequently result in poorer immunity in old age due to weak and short-lived primary antibody responses, a reduced B cell antigen receptor repertoire [122] , monoclonal serum immunoglobulin and B cell neoplasms.…”

Section: Effects Of Aging On Adaptive Immunity -B Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon is collectively termed immunosenescence [8] and affects both innate and adaptive immune responses ( fig. 1 ; table 1 ) [9][10][11] . Consequently, a wide range of cell types, including hematopoietic stem cells, lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow and thymus, mature T and B cells in secondary lymphoid organs as well as thymic stroma and elements of the innate immune response, are affected.…”

Section: Immunosenescence -The Aging Of the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, changes within the T cell progenitor pool are also likely to contribute to age-associated deficits, at least in mice [49,50] . Even when all thymic T cell intermediates are still present and TCR gene rearrangement still occurs in the elderly [3] , a significant age-related decrease in T cell output from the thymus occurs [51,52] and leads to substantially reduced numbers of naïve peripheral T lymphocytes [32-34, 53, 54] , combined with a dramatic increase in highly differentiated memory and effector cells [3,10,12,31,55] . These findings even encouraged the suggestion that predictions on longevity can be based on the number of naïve T cells.…”

Section: Effects Of Aging On Adaptive Immunity -T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the accumulation of CD28-T cells is also reported from immunodeficiency disorders like HIV and is one of the most consistent biological indicators of aging in the human immune system. Representing the gradual shrinkage of the naïve T cell pool (naïve T cells per definition express CD28), those CD28-T cells are long-lived lymphocytes, with unclear susceptibility to apoptosis-inducing stimuli [59,60] , and have limited proliferative and functional capacity [10,52] as well as senescence-like shortened telomeres [12,61] . Since the loss of CD28-in CD4+ T cells is accompanied by a defect in CD154 (CD40L) expression, their capacity to provide help for B cell proliferation and antibody production is reduced.…”

Section: Effects Of Aging On Adaptive Immunity -T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Can the Immune System Still Be Efficient in the Elderly? An Immunological and Immunoendocrine Therapeutic Perspective

Pfister

Savino²

2008

Neuroimmunomodulation

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The continuous global increase in life expectancy represents a central challenge for our society and impacts public social security systems, families and individuals. One of the most striking changes that occur during normal human aging is immunosenescence, a progressive and overall diminution of immune functions that affect all cells and organs of the innate and adaptive immune system. As a hallmark of human aging, the progressive involution of the thymus leads to a disturbed balance and function of naïve, memory and effector T cells, thus promoting a latent pro-inflammatory status in the elderly. Together with chronic infections such as cytomegalovirus, that accumulate during life, this situation manifests in clinically relevant implications such as poor overall immune responses, decreased ability to control infectious disease and diminished response to vaccinations. Interestingly, this process parallels changes in the hormonal balance of aging subjects. In this review, we summarize recently published intriguing results from a very active and growing field of biomedical research and discuss some clinical consequences as well as possible ways of immune- and/or hormone-based interventions to delay or reverse immunosenescence.

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Comparative Analysis of Cytomegalovirus Gastrointestinal Disease in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients

Yeh,

Wu,

Tsou

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) gastrointestinal (GI) diseases impact both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals, yet comprehensive studies highlighting the differences between these groups are lacking. Methods: In this retrospective study (January 2000 to July 2022) of 401 patients with confirmed CMV GI diseases, we categorized them based on immunological status and compared manifestations, treatments, outcomes, and prognostic factors. Results: The immunocompromised patients (n = 193) showed older age, severe illnesses, and higher comorbidity rates. GI bleeding, the predominant manifestation, occurred more in the immunocompetent group (92.6% vs. 63.6%, p = 0.009). Despite longer antiviral therapy, the immunocompromised patients had higher in-hospital (32.2% vs. 18.9%, p = 0.034) and overall mortality rates (91.1% vs. 43.4%, p < 0.001). The independent factors influencing in-hospital mortality in the immunocompromised patients included GI bleeding (OR 5.782, 95% CI 1.257–26.599, p = 0.024) and antiviral therapy ≥ 14 days (OR 0.232, 95% CI 0.059–0.911, p = 0.036). In the immunocompetent patients, age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.006–1.159, p = 0.032), GI bleeding (OR 10.036, 95% CI 1.183–85.133, p = 0.035), and time to diagnosis (OR 1.029, 95% CI 1.004–1.055, p = 0.021) were significant prognostic factors, with the age and diagnosis time cut-offs for survival being 70 years and 31.5 days, respectively. Conclusions: GI bleeding is the most common manifestation and prognostic factor in both groups. Early diagnosis and effective antiviral therapy can significantly reduce in-hospital mortality.

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Aging and the immune system

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Expansion ofCD8+CD57+T Cells in an Immunocompetent Patient with Acute Toxoplasmosis

Expansion ofCD8+CD57+T Cells in an Immunocompetent Patient with Acute Toxoplasmosis

Can the Immune System Still Be Efficient in the Elderly? An Immunological and Immunoendocrine Therapeutic Perspective

Comparative Analysis of Cytomegalovirus Gastrointestinal Disease in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients

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