Aggressiveness of Phytophthora cactorum, P. citricola I, and P. plurivora from European Beech

Weiland, Jerry E.; Nelson, A. Gordon; Hudler, George W.

doi:10.1094/pdis-94-8-1009

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The inoculation experiment has revealed the pathogenicity of tested Phytophthora isolates, confirming the results from other similar studies (Weiland et al 2010;Jankowiak et al 2014). In our experiment, it was demonstrated that P. quercina can infect not only fine roots (Jung et al 1999;Jönsson et al 2003) but also tissues of Turkey oak stems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Pathogenicity of Phytophthora isolates originating from several woody hosts in Bulgaria and Poland

Lyubenova

Nowakowska

Sikora

et al. 2016

Folia Forestalia Polonica

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Our aim was to examine the virulence of eight Phytophthora isolates belonging to three species (Phytophthora cryp togea, Phytophthora plurivora and Phytophthora quercina) obtained from diverse European ecosystems (in Bulgaria, Poland and Germany) towards three forest tree hosts -English oak (Quercus robur L.), Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).All plants grown from seeds in a greenhouse conditions were artificially inoculated under the stem bark with Phytophthora cultures. The tested isolates turned to be more aggressive to Turkey oaks than to English oak trees. In case of European beech, the isolates of P. cryptogea and P. plurivora exposed various virulence. The potential hazard of the introduced foreign isolates for the oak and beech forests in Poland and Bulgaria is discussed. Amongst the tested isolates, P. quercina P290 from German highly infected Bulgarian Turkey oaks; therefore, its negative potential impact on Bulgarian oak forests could be considered as high (if unintentionally introduced). Also, two Bulgarian isolates belonging to P. cryptogea and P. plurivora are risky for Polish beech forests, if exposed to the pathogen. The observed pathogenicity of the tested Phytophthora species proved their potential as important contributors to decline of valuable forest ecosystems dominated by oaks (Q. robur and Q. cerris) or beech (F. sylvatica), in both Poland and Bulgaria. We found that investigated Phytophthora pathogens could develop in the living plant stem tissues without causing any disease symptoms, which is another demonstration that phytosanitary control by simple observation of plant material is not effective.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Pathogenicity of Phytophthora isolates originating from several woody hosts in Bulgaria and Poland

Lyubenova

Nowakowska

Sikora

et al. 2016

Folia Forestalia Polonica

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“…P. plurivora is distributed throughout Europe and North America and it is known to cause damage to dozens of forest and ornamental hosts including ericaceous plants Weiland et al 2010 (Pánek et al unpubl. ), from stem lesions of Alnus glutinosa, and from the root and collar rot of Acer pseudoplatanus (Černý et al unpubl.…”

Section: Phytophthora Plurivoramentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora plurivora T. Jung & T. I. Burgess and other Phytophthora species causing important diseases of ericaceous plants in the Czech Republic

Mrazkova¹,

Černý²,

Tomšovský³

et al. 2011

Plant Prot. Sci.

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Ornamental nurseries, garden centres, public gardens and urban greenery in the Czech Republic were surveyed in 2006-2009 for the presence of Phytophthora spp. and the diseases they cause on ericaceous plants. Diseased plants such as rhododendron spp., Pieris floribunda, Vaccinium sp., and Azalea sp. showed various symptoms including leaf spot, shoot blight, twig lesions or stem, root and collar rot. Nearly 140 Phytophthora isolates were collected from symptomatic plants in different areas of the country. Of the Phytophthora spp. on ericaceous plants or in their surroundings, P. plurivora appeared to be the most common species. Herein, we focus on the most frequently occurring species, P. plurivora, and describe its morpho-physiological and pathogenicity features and confirm its identity based on ITS sequences of rDNA. In addition, we give a list of other Phytophthora spp. including P. cactorum, P. cambivora, P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora, P. megasperma, P. multivora, P. ramorum, and P. gonapodyides that we identified on the basis of their cultural and morphological characteristics and DNA sequences. We also discuss their importance in cultivated and natural ecosystems.

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“…and Alnus spp. (Jung & Burgess 2009, Weiland et al 2010. Phytophthora plurivora has also been recently found to cause dieback and mortality of several deciduous tree species in Denmark, Norway and Poland (Talgø et al 2009, Thinggaard 2009, Orlikowski et al 2011.…”

Section: Phytophthora Plurivora and Ppinimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytophthora plurivora has also been recently found to cause dieback and mortality of several deciduous tree species in Denmark, Norway and Poland (Talgø et al 2009, Thinggaard 2009, Orlikowski et al 2011. Phytophthora pini is widespread in the eastern US where it damages and kills the introduced species Syringa vulgaris and Fagus sylvatica L. (Jung et al 2005, Weiland et al 2010, Hong et al 2011. In contrast, in Europe it has only been found in nurseries, indicating a very recent introduction (Jung & Burgess 2009).…”

Section: Phytophthora Plurivora and Ppinimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also had more hosts than P. ramorum. Weiland et al (2010) compared the pathogenicity of P. cactorum, P. plurivora and P. pini to F. sylvatica and S. vulgaris. Isolates of P. cactorum were the least pathogenic and caused less necrosis than isolates of P. pini and P. plurivora (Weiland et al 2010).…”

Section: Susceptibility Of Nordic Plant Species To the Introduced Phymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytophthora in Finnish nurseries

Rytkönen¹

2011

Diss. For.

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International trade and travel have facilitated the spread of harmful organisms around the world. Human-mediated movement of plants and plant products is now generally accepted to be the primary mode of introduction of pathogens and pests. Species of Phytophthora, a genus of plant pathogens, are commonly spread in this way and have caused severe epidemics in silviculture, horticulture and natural systems all over the world.The objective of the study was to gather information on the occurrence of Phytophthora spp. in Finnish nurseries. Furthermore, the aim was to produce information for risk assessments for these Phytophthora spp. and establish molecular means for their detection. Phytophthora cactorum was found to persist in natural waterbodies and results suggest that irrigation water might be a source of inoculum for the disease in nurseries. In addition to P. cactorum, isolates from ornamental Rhododendron in nurseries yielded three species new to Finland: P. ramorum, P. plurivora and P. pini. The only species with quarantine status, P. ramorum, was able to persist in the nursery in spite of an annual European Commission sanitation protocol. Phytophthora plurivora and the closely related P. pini had more hosts among Nordic tree species and other plants abundant in Finnish nurseries and forest ecosystems. They were also found to have higher infectivity rates compared to P. ramorum and P. cactorum. All four species survived two weeks in -5 °C , and thus soil survival of these Phytophthoras in Finland is likely under current climatic conditions.The most common tree species in Finnish nurseries, Picea abies, was highly susceptible to P. plurivora and P. pini in pathogenicity trials. In a histological examination of P. abies shoot tissues inoculated with P. plurivora zoospores, fast necrotrophic growth was observed in nearly all tissues of the fresh shoot. The production of propagules in P. abies shoot tissue was only weakly indicated.In this study, a PCR-DGGE technique was developed for simultaneous detection and identification of Phytophthora spp. It reliably detected Phytophthora in plant tissues and could discriminate most test species as well as indicate instances of multiple-species infections. It proved to be a useful detection and identification tool either applied alone or in concert with traditional isolation culture techniques. The limitations of the method are also discussed.In conclusion, all of the introduced species of Phytophthora had properties that promote a high risk of establishment and spread in Finland. The efficient transport of Phytophthora via commercial traffic and favorable conditions due to expected climate change will increase the incidence and establishment of Phytophthora in new areas. Thus, it is probable that pathogens of this genus will be introduced and become established in Finland and other Nordic countries unless efficient phytosanitary control becomes standard practice in the international plant trade.Keywords: Phytophthora, pathogenicity, survival, molecular detectio...

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Aggressiveness of Phytophthora cactorum, P. citricola I, and P. plurivora from European Beech

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Pathogenicity of Phytophthora isolates originating from several woody hosts in Bulgaria and Poland

Pathogenicity of Phytophthora isolates originating from several woody hosts in Bulgaria and Poland

Phytophthora plurivora T. Jung & T. I. Burgess and other Phytophthora species causing important diseases of ericaceous plants in the Czech Republic

Phytophthora in Finnish nurseries

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