Aggression and dominance: an interdisciplinary overview

Holekamp, Kay E.; Strauss, Eli D.

doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.08.005

Cited by 128 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the relationship between dominance and glucocorticoid levels varies depending on the type of breeding system, and by the means a high rank is acquired and maintained (Abbott et al, 2003;Goymann and Wingfield, 2004;Sapolsky, 2005;Creel et al, 2013). Dominance hierarchies promote social stability (Holekamp and Strauss, 2016), when dyadic dominance relationships are consistent over extended periods (Isbell and Young, 2002), since established formal dominance relationships can reduce the escalation of conflicts of interest (Preuschoft and van Schaik, 2000). However, the formation of dominance relationships and unstable dominance hierarchies induce social instability and thus, reduce the predictability of the social environment (Holekamp and Strauss, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dominance hierarchies promote social stability (Holekamp and Strauss, 2016), when dyadic dominance relationships are consistent over extended periods (Isbell and Young, 2002), since established formal dominance relationships can reduce the escalation of conflicts of interest (Preuschoft and van Schaik, 2000). However, the formation of dominance relationships and unstable dominance hierarchies induce social instability and thus, reduce the predictability of the social environment (Holekamp and Strauss, 2016). Especially for high-ranking individuals, exposure to energetic and social stressors is elevated during unstable dominance periods due to increased aggression rates and risk of losing benefits related to a high rank position (e.g., reproductive success, priority of access to feeding resources; Sapolsky, 1983;Bergman et al, 2005;Koyama et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urinary Cortisol, Aggression, Dominance and Competition in Wild, West African Male Chimpanzees

et al. 2019

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High dominance status is associated with fitness benefits in many social mammals. Yet, attaining and maintaining a high social status often comes with elevated energetic costs. Dominance rank-related exposure to energetic and psychosocial stressors is predicted to vary depending on the type of breeding system, the means a high rank is acquired and maintained, and the stability of the dominance hierarchy. Using behavioral data and urinary cortisol levels, we investigated whether a high dominance rank is associated with elevated energetic costs in Taï male chimpanzees and whether the relationship between male dominance rank and cortisol levels varies between stable and unstable dominance periods. Additionally, we investigated potential sources of energetic and psychosocial stress linked to competition over dominance status and mating opportunities. We found that higher-ranking males gave more aggressions than lower-ranking males in stable and unstable dominance periods, but that dominance rank and urinary cortisol levels were not associated in either period. Urinary cortisol levels were higher in all males in unstable compared to stable dominance periods, whereas aggression rates showed the reversed pattern, with higher rates in stable periods. Our results indicate that dominance maintenance is not associated with elevated physiological stress for dominant Taï male chimpanzees, and that social instability exposed all males to psychosocial stress, despite lower rates of aggressive interactions. Overall, these findings suggest that male chimpanzees adjust competitive behavior to context dependent conditions, possibly by means of predictability of outcomes of social interactions, and use conflict management strategies, such as avoidance of aggression potentially diminishing the risk of escalation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Cortisol, Aggression, Dominance and Competition in Wild, West African Male Chimpanzees

et al. 2019

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“…Benefits such as reduced predation risk, cooperative breeding, and cooperative resource defense, are weighed against costs such as increased competition over local resources, pathogen transmission, and risk of social conflict. These costs and benefits may not be experienced by all group members equally; some individuals gain more of the benefits and suffer fewer of the costs than others [1,2]. In many animal societies, this disparity among group-mates is reflected by a dominance hierarchy, where individuals differ systematically in their tendency to display subordinate signals to their group-mates [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile rank acquisition influences fitness independent of adult rank

Strauss

Shizuka

Holekamp

2019

Preprint

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17Social rank has been identified as a significant determinant of fitness in a variety of 18 species. The importance of social rank suggests that the process by which juveniles come to 19 establish their position in the social hierarchy is a critical component of social development. 20Here, we use the highly predictable process of rank acquisition in spotted hyenas to study the 21 consequences of variation in rank acquisition in early life. In spotted hyenas, rank is 'inherited' 22 through a learning process called 'maternal rank inheritance.' This pattern is highly predictable: 23 ~80% of juveniles acquire the exact rank predicted by the rules of maternal rank inheritance. 24This predictable nature of rank acquisition in these societies allows the process of rank 25 acquisition to be studied independently from the ultimate rank that each juvenile attains. In this 26 study, we use a novel application of the Elo-rating method to calculate each juvenile's deviation 27 from expected pattern of maternal rank inheritance during development. Despite variability in 28 rank acquisition in juveniles, most of these juveniles come to attain the exact rank expected of 29 them according to the rules of maternal rank inheritance. Nevertheless, we find that transient 30 variation in rank acquisition in early life predicts long term fitness consequences for these 31 individuals: juveniles 'underperforming' their expected ranks show reduced survival and lower 32 lifetime reproductive success than better-performing peers. Finally, we present evidence that 33 this variability in rank acquisition in early life represents a source of early life adversity, and that 34 multiple sources of early life adversity have cumulative, but not compounding, effects on fitness. 36risk, cooperative breeding, and cooperative resource defense, are weighed against costs such 40 as increased competition over local resources, pathogen transmission, and risk of social 41 conflict. These costs and benefits may not be experienced by all group members equally; some 42 individuals gain more of the benefits and suffer fewer of the costs than others [1,2]. In many 43 animal societies, this disparity among group-mates is reflected by a dominance hierarchy, 44where individuals differ systematically in their tendency to display subordinate signals to their 45 group-mates [3]. A useful abstraction of the network of complex and unequal relationships 46 among group members is 'rank,' which describes the extent to which an individual is able to 47 exert power over its group-mates. Extensive research from a variety of organisms has 48 demonstrated that individuals of high rank, which are able to exert power over most other 49 individuals in their social group, enjoy dramatic advantages as a result of their position in the 50 social hierarchy, although species vary in the nature and strength of the relationship between 51 social status and fitness [2,4-6]. 52Decades of work has demonstrated various correlates with dominance rank or status 53 within a social group. For ...

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“…Furthermore, dominance status is facilitated by neuroendocrine levels (Holekamp and Strauss, 2016). In the present study, two mRNAs related to neurogenesis (nrd2) and neuroplasticity (c-fos) were differentially expressed between dominant and subordinate (Chapter 6).…”

Section: 1the Existence Of Dominance Behaviour In Senegalese Solementioning

confidence: 78%

“…Therefore, the different behaviours associated with dominance in juveniles in this flatfish species were determined (Chapter 6). Different stages (early and late juveniles) were used in order to observe the consistency in dyadic dominance test related to feeding response and territory, despite it is known that dominance in adults is built by early life outcomes Holekamp and Strauss, 2016). Additionally, group test confirmed those dominance behaviours in late juveniles.…”

Section: 1the Existence Of Dominance Behaviour In Senegalese Solementioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction, olfaction and dominance behaviour in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

Fernández¹

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Aggression and dominance: an interdisciplinary overview

Cited by 128 publications

References 94 publications

Urinary Cortisol, Aggression, Dominance and Competition in Wild, West African Male Chimpanzees

Urinary Cortisol, Aggression, Dominance and Competition in Wild, West African Male Chimpanzees

Juvenile rank acquisition influences fitness independent of adult rank

Reproduction, olfaction and dominance behaviour in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

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