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. In modern conditions, in the field of the creation and use of existing and advanced space vehicles (SV), the issues of autonomy and survivability acquire particular relevance in the development and operation of small-mass spacecraft (SMS) for Earth remote sensing (ERS). The specificity of the small spacecraft lies in the fact that it is difficult to directly apply to the process of their creation the standard practice of using the system for ensuring the reliability of the rocket and space industry due to the lack of the ability to provide full structural redundancy of its onboard systems (OBS) associated with mass-dimensional and other restrictions. In this case, the tasks of developing model-algorithmic methods and approaches to ensuring the required level of indicators of structural reliability, survivability and, in general, the effectiveness of the functioning of the MCA OBS become of particular relevance. The problem of increasing the level of indicators of autonomy, survivability, efficiency of functioning of complex technical objects (CTO), which, in particular, SMS belong, is considered in the scientific literature in conjunction with solving problems of control, assessment and technical diagnostics of the state of the CTO reconfiguration (structural, functional, structural-functional reconfiguration) of CTO structures, management of its reserves, alternative and multi-mode control, analysis of fault tolerance and disaster recovery of CTO. However, all of these studies are fragmented, both at the methodological and methodological and technological levels. The article provides a generalized description of the combined methods and algorithms developed by the authors for solving the problems of synthesis of technologies and programs for controlling the OS reconfiguration to increase the survivability of the SMS. At the same time, these tasks are solved not in isolation, but in a comprehensive manner within the framework of the general problem of proactive management of the structural dynamics of SMS with or without the use of GCC tools, which ensures the efficiency, validity, completeness, isolation and consistency of synthesized management decisions. The novelty of the approach proposed in the article is that its authors, based on the concepts of integrated (system) modeling, proactive control of the structural dynamics of the OS SMS, as well as the intellectualization of the processes of proactive control of the OS SMS, developed methods and algorithms for the synthesis of technologies and programs. Control of the reconfiguration of the MCS BS, providing, firstly, the situational choice of the optimal sequence of operations and the allocation of SMS resources with and without the use of GCC facilities, and, secondly, effective parrying not only of the calculated ones, but also off-design emergency flight situations (EFS), as well as the operational restoration of the operability of its OS. The constructiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by the example of solving the problem of flexible redistribution of information processing tasks between the OS SMS and the SMS GCC.
. In modern conditions, in the field of the creation and use of existing and advanced space vehicles (SV), the issues of autonomy and survivability acquire particular relevance in the development and operation of small-mass spacecraft (SMS) for Earth remote sensing (ERS). The specificity of the small spacecraft lies in the fact that it is difficult to directly apply to the process of their creation the standard practice of using the system for ensuring the reliability of the rocket and space industry due to the lack of the ability to provide full structural redundancy of its onboard systems (OBS) associated with mass-dimensional and other restrictions. In this case, the tasks of developing model-algorithmic methods and approaches to ensuring the required level of indicators of structural reliability, survivability and, in general, the effectiveness of the functioning of the MCA OBS become of particular relevance. The problem of increasing the level of indicators of autonomy, survivability, efficiency of functioning of complex technical objects (CTO), which, in particular, SMS belong, is considered in the scientific literature in conjunction with solving problems of control, assessment and technical diagnostics of the state of the CTO reconfiguration (structural, functional, structural-functional reconfiguration) of CTO structures, management of its reserves, alternative and multi-mode control, analysis of fault tolerance and disaster recovery of CTO. However, all of these studies are fragmented, both at the methodological and methodological and technological levels. The article provides a generalized description of the combined methods and algorithms developed by the authors for solving the problems of synthesis of technologies and programs for controlling the OS reconfiguration to increase the survivability of the SMS. At the same time, these tasks are solved not in isolation, but in a comprehensive manner within the framework of the general problem of proactive management of the structural dynamics of SMS with or without the use of GCC tools, which ensures the efficiency, validity, completeness, isolation and consistency of synthesized management decisions. The novelty of the approach proposed in the article is that its authors, based on the concepts of integrated (system) modeling, proactive control of the structural dynamics of the OS SMS, as well as the intellectualization of the processes of proactive control of the OS SMS, developed methods and algorithms for the synthesis of technologies and programs. Control of the reconfiguration of the MCS BS, providing, firstly, the situational choice of the optimal sequence of operations and the allocation of SMS resources with and without the use of GCC facilities, and, secondly, effective parrying not only of the calculated ones, but also off-design emergency flight situations (EFS), as well as the operational restoration of the operability of its OS. The constructiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by the example of solving the problem of flexible redistribution of information processing tasks between the OS SMS and the SMS GCC.
The complexity of modern objects with a reconfigurable structure leads to the need to take into account various factors of their interaction with the environment and is associated with an increase in the number of their constituent elements and subsystems, as well as, accordingly, a rapid increase in the number of internal connections, and manifests itself in such aspects as structural complexity, complexity of functioning, complexity of choice of behavior, complexity of modeling and complexity of development. These systems operate in conditions of significant uncertainty associated with a change in the content of the goals and objectives facing the object, the impact of disturbing factors from the external environment and having a targeted and / or non-targeted character. These aspects of the complexity of the system are associated not only with the uncertain effects of the external environment, but also with many different modes (types) of functioning, corresponding to the multiplicity of tasks being solved and the multiplicity of indicators of the quality of their solution. As a rule, systems with a fixed structure, usually tuned to a steady (some given) mode, do not provide the best control quality in other modes. Therefore, the multi-mode and uncertainty of the operating conditions necessitate solving the problem of analysis and synthesis of the configuration and reconfiguration of the objects under consideration, based on intelligent approaches. At the same time, at the stages of creating and designing objects with a tunable structure, such interconnected sets of modes of operation and structures should be synthesized, and, possibly, such a level of redundancy should be introduced into these sets, taking into account space-time, technical and technological restrictions, under which at the stage of their application for the intended purpose, it would be possible to respond flexibly to all design and off-design contingencies that cause structural changes in the object. From a formal point of view, the solution to these problems is possible within the framework of such an important class of modern scientific and technical problems as the problems of multi-criteria structural-functional synthesis of configurations of multi-mode objects at various stages of their life cycle. This article presents a method for solving these problems, based on the concept of the parametric genome of complex multi-mode objects proposed by the authors. The application of this concept makes it possible to store in a concentrated form the explicit and implicit knowledge of experts about the interaction of elements and subsystems of an object when performing various combinations of the implementation of operating modes, as well as to quickly calculate optimistic and pessimistic estimates of indicators of structural and functional reliability of homogeneous / heterogeneous, monotonous / non-monotonic, equivalent /unequal multi-mode objects. With a multi-criteria choice of the required number of non-dominated variants of configurations of a multi-mode object, evenly distributed in the set of effective (Pareto) alternatives, a combination of the method of interval lexicographic ordering (successive concessions) and an operator decision rule was proposed. At the same time, in order to conduct a detailed analysis of the possibility of implementing an object of joint or separate activation of operating modes with an equivalent or unequal intensity of their use, a fuzzy-possibility representation of a generalized indicator of structural and functional reliability in the form of a trapezoidal number and determining its center of gravity was proposed. The results of applying the developed method of structural-parametric synthesis of configurations of a multi-mode object with a tunable structure are presented on the example of the motion control system of the small spacecraft "Aist-2D".
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